男性灾难救助者替代性创伤及其影响因素研究  

The Influence Factors and Status on Male Vicarious Trauma of Disaster

作　　者：李丽娜[1] 赵阳[1] 崔向军[1] 刘霄[1] 李薇[1] 秦彤[1] 吕绍博 陈允恩[1] 庞楠[1] 陈晨[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北联合大学,河北省唐山市063000

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2014年第13期1554-1557,共4页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：唐山市科学技术研究与发展计划课题(08130230C)

摘　　要：目的探讨赴川男性灾难救助者替代性创伤及其影响因素,为相关的研究积累实证资料,为控制替代性创伤的发生发展提供科学依据。方法 2012年9—11月,采用灾难救助者替代性创伤问卷、社会支持评定量表、特质应对方式问卷、艾森克人格问卷简式量表对252名男性赴川灾难救助者进行问卷调查。结果 (1)有4.8%(12/252)的男性灾难救助者替代性创伤总分上超过理论中值,而在认知反应和生活信念因子上分别有8.7%(22/252)和13.5%(34/252)的男性灾难救助者超过理论中值。(2)接受过培训的男性救助者替代性创伤中的认知反应因子、生理反应因子得分和总分低于未接受培训的救助者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。(3)有灾难救助经历的男性救助者在生理反应及生活信念因子上的得分高于没有灾难救助经验的救助者,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(4)男性灾难救助者社会支持总分与替代性创伤中的情绪反应、行为反应、认知反应因子和总分呈负相关。(5)替代性创伤总分及各因子与积极应对方式呈负相关;除生活信念因子外,替代性创伤总分及其各因子得分均与消极应对方式呈正相关。(6)灾难救助者P量表和N量表得分与替代性创伤各因子得分及总分呈正相关,E量表除与行为反应、认知反应和生活信念无线性相关外,与其余各因子得分及总分都呈负相关。(7)应对方式中消极应对因子和人格特征的E因子、有无救灾经验因素可以有效预测替代性创伤总分。结论 (1)男性灾难救助者存在一定程度的替代性创伤。(2)专业培训经历、灾难救助经历、社会支持度、应对方式、人格特质等因素对替代性创伤有影响。(3)消极应对、有灾难救助经历、内外向人格是替代性创伤的危险因子。Objective To explore the influence factors of vicarious traumatization of male trauma rescuers in Sichuan earthquake,in order to provide the basis and direction for future research. Methods 300 male trauma rescuers in Sichuan earthquake were selected as our subjects Questionnaire about vicarious traumatization and eysenck personality questionnaire,Social Support questionnaire and TSCQ have been carried out. Results（ 1） 4. 8%（ 12 /252） of the rescuers had high score of the vicarious trauma. 8. 7%（ 22 /252） 和 13. 5%（ 34 /252） were higher on cognitive response and the belief in life.（ 2） The trained trauma rescuers had the lower score than that of no training rescuers on the cognitive reaction factor（ P〈0. 01）,physiological reaction factor（ P〈0. 01） and the total score（ P〈0. 01）,and the difference were statistically significant.（ 3） The rescuers who had experiences was higher than that of who had no experience on the physiology reaction（ P〈0. 05） and life faith（ P〈0. 05） factors,and the difference was statistically significant.（ 4） The utilization of social support was negatively correlated with the emotional response,behavioral responses,cognitive reaction factor and the total score of vicarious trauma（ P〈0. 05）.（ 5） The total score and each factor of vicarious trauma was negatively correlated with the positive coping style（ P〈0. 01）. The total score and each factor of vicarious trauma was positively correlated with the negative coping style,except the life belief factor（ P〈0. 01）.（ 6） The total score and each factor of vicarious trauma was positively correlated with P and N scale scores of rescuers（ P〈0. 05）. The total score and each factor of vicarious trauma was negatively correlated with E scale score,except the behavior reaction,cognitive reaction and physiological reaction（ P〈0. 05）.（ 7） The negative coping styles and the E factor and the had or no relief experience factor can predict the total score of vicar

关 键 词：男性灾难救助者 替代性创伤 社会支持 应对方式 人格特征 

分 类 号：R129[医药卫生—环境卫生学]