海南砂生殖生物学特性研究  

Study on reproductive biology characteristics of Amomum longiligulare T. L. Wu

作　　者：杨锐培 许善雄 陈蔚[1] 赖小平[1] 何国振[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]广州中医药大学中药学院,广东广州510006 [2]中药资源科学教育部(省部共建)重点实验室,广东广州510006

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2014年第9期20-23,F0002,共5页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAI01B02);海南省中药现代化专项(2011ZY003);海南省星火产业带专项(HNXH201321)

摘　　要：为了提高海南砂的产量,研究了其小花数目、花粉活力、柱头可授性、落果率等生殖生物学特性以及海南砂花粉在不同贮藏条件下的活力。结果表明,海南砂每个花序有7.28(±0.83)朵小花;小花的花期为1.5 d;离体萌发法测定花粉活力在花朵刚刚开放时达83.6%,开花12 h后降为21.0%,24 h后降为11.4%;柱头和花粉在花朵开放6 h内都具极强可授性,寿命维持24 h,比花粉寿命长12 h以上;人工授粉率和自然授粉率分别为64.10(±29.80)%和17.55(±15.49)%、落果率为20.65(±31.39)%和11.11(±32.34)%。高湿度条件下贮藏花粉12 h后活力降为0.6%,而在低温高湿条件下贮藏花粉12 h的活力为23.4%,表明低温更有利于海南砂花粉贮藏。In order to improve the yield of Amomum longiligulare, some characteristics of reproductive biology,including floweret number, pollen viability, stigma receptivity and fruit-dropping rate, were studied. The storage methods for pollens under different conditions were investigated as well. The results showed that the floweret number of A.longiligulare was 7.28（±0.83） in a anthotaxy. The floweret blossom was 1.5 day. The pollen viabilities in vitro were 83.6%,21.0% and 11.4% at flowering time of 0 h, 12 h and 24 h detected by germination method. The stigma receptivity was strong within 6 h after flowering, and lasted 24 h, which was more longer than the lifespan of the pollen at least 12 h.Artificial pollinating rate and natural pollinating rate were 64.10（±29.80）% and 17.55（±15.49）%, respectively. In the cases of artificial and natural pollination, the fruit dropping rates were 20.65（±31.39）% and 11.11（±32.34）%. When pollens were stored for 12 h, the pollen viability decreased to 0.6% under the condition of high humidity, whereas it was still 23.4%under the condition of cold and high humidity. This result indicates that the lifespan of A. longiligulare pollen can be prolonged significantly in the low temperature environment.

关 键 词：海南砂 花粉活力 柱头可授性 生殖生物学特性 

分 类 号：S567[农业科学—中草药栽培]