暴露人群狂犬疫苗免疫后血清抗体水平检测结果分析  

Analysis of serum antibody level after rabies vaccination in rabies-exposed patients

作　　者：江勇 金春秋[2] 

机构地区：[1]温岭市泽国镇卫生院,浙江温岭317523 [2]温岭市疾病预防控制中心,浙江温岭317500

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2014年第11期2103-2104,2112,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的 了解温岭市近年暴露者狂犬疫苗免疫后血清抗体产生情况。方法 采用夹心间接ELISA法对接种狂犬疫苗后14 d、45 d采血分离血清检测IgG抗体。结果 首次接种狂犬疫苗14 d血清IgG抗体总阳性率59.92%;完成全程免疫45 d血清IgG抗体总阳性率89.63%;未完成全程免疫（1~4针）45 d血清IgG抗体总阳性率36.69%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=249.05,P〈0.001）;全程免疫者中,无论接种狂犬疫苗14 d或45 d后血清抗体阳性率均为低年龄组人群显著高于高年龄组（χ2分别=16.57和165.44,P均〈0.05）,而男女之间差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.13,P〉0.005）;狂犬疫苗初次免疫失败率10.37%,复种后血清抗体阳转率35.78%。结论 按免疫程序及时全程接种狂犬疫苗对人类具有较好的免疫效果,对暴露后狂犬疫苗要全程接种;对尚未产生抗体者,应及时采取加强免疫等措施,确保免疫效果。Objective To investigate the antibody responses to the rabies vaccination in subjects who was exposed to rabies in Wenling City from 2011 to 2012. Methods IgG of rabies was detected by ELISA at 14 d and 45 d after patients were injected with rabies vaccine. Results The total positive rate was 59.92% at 14 d after first vaccination, which was 89.63% at 45 d of full-course vaccination, while the rate of people who didn＇t complete full-course vaccination （1-4 doses） was 36.69%. And the difference was statistically significant （x2=249.05, P〈0.001）. For the people who took full-course vaccination, the positive rate of serum antibody in the younger age group was significantly higher than that in the older one, regardless of the rabies vaccination at 14 d or 45 d. （its= 16.57 and 165.44 respectively P〈0.05）, with no significant difference between male and female （x2=0.13, P〉0.005）.The failure rate of primary immunization was 10.37%, and the seroconversion rate after revaccination was 35.78%. Conclusion Patients exposed to rabies should take full course of vaccination timely to achieve better immune effect. For those patients with negative virus antibody, and those did not form the antibody, they should give the immunization immediately to ensure the immune effect.

关 键 词：狂犬病 人用冻干狂犬疫苗(Vero细胞) IGG抗体检测 免疫效果 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]