台湾海岸乡土树种引进应用的初步研究  

Preliminary Study on Introduction and Application of Local Tree Species in Coastal Zone of Taiwan Island

作　　者：林武星[1] 朱炜[1] 聂森[1] 叶功富[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省林业科学研究院,福州350012

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第13期59-65,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家林业局948项目"沿海防护林优良阔叶树种及配套技术引进"(2008-4-03);福建省科技厅项目"台湾优良海防阔叶树种引进及应用"(2008I0006);国家林业局南方山地用材林培育重点实验室;福建省森林培育与林产品加工利用重点实验室

摘　　要：针对福建省沿海防护林树种单一和生态系统脆弱的现状,引进台湾岛本土海岸防护林树种林投、台湾海桐、台湾栾树、海檬果、水黄皮、福木等,应用于沙荒风口造林、木麻黄基干林带改造和海岸后侧木麻黄低效林更新试验。研究发现,风口地段通过挖大穴、下客土、深栽和浇足定根水的营林措施,辅以简易风障的工程措施,林投造林保存率达到85%以上,且风害轻微;郁闭度小于0.5的木麻黄基干林带下直接种植台湾海桐、海檬果、水黄皮和台湾栾树,以及较密林带经过渐伐后套种台湾海桐、水黄皮和台湾栾树,3年均可郁闭成林,所形成的异龄复层林其防护功能与原林带相比提高25%以上;海岸后侧木麻黄低效林更新采用木麻黄优良无性系分别与台湾海桐、水黄皮、海檬果带状混交,或与台湾栾树行带混交可以提高林带生产力和防护功能。上述表明,在引进的台湾海岸树种中,林投是沙荒风口理想的造林树种,台湾海桐、水黄皮、海檬果、台湾栾树等是海岸木麻黄基干林带和后侧木麻黄低效林更新改造的优良树种。Facing the situation about the rarely tree species and unstable ecological system in protectiveforestry in coastal, the local tree species including Pandanus, Pittosporum pentandrum, Koelreuteria elegans,Pongamia pinnata, Cerbera manghas and Garcinia spicata Hook in coastal zone of Taiwan island wereintroduced to Fujian Province and applied to the field experiment on the plantation in the draught,transformation in trunk shelterbelt of Casuarina and regeneration in low-benefit forest of Casuarina in behindof coastal. The results showed that： the preserving rate was more than 85% and the wind-tolerant rate was highfor Pandanus through the measures including digging deep hole, putting into the earth, deep planting, wateringenough and windproof engineering. The forests of P. pentandrum, K.elegans, P.pinnata and C.manghas plantedunder trunk shelterbelt of Casuarina which the canopy density was less than 0.5 and thinned have grown upand begun to resistant wind and sand in three-year old. The protective benefit of these forestry was more 25%than that of original shelterbelt. The production and protective benefit of the shelterbelt which was low benefitsof Casuarina in behind of coastal and was regenerated through belt-mixing between well colon of Casuarinaand P. pentandrum, P. pinnata, C. manghas and K. elegans respectively could be improved. The above resultsindicated that： Pandanus was idea tree specie in the draught while P. pentandrum, P. pinnata, C. manghas andK.elegans were selective tree species in regeneration and transformation in trunk shelterbelt of Casuarina andin low-benefit forest of Casuarina.

关 键 词：海岸树种 引种 防护林 台湾岛 风口 基干林带 更新改造 

分 类 号：S722.7[农业科学—林木遗传育种]