西南骨干玉米自交系主要农艺性状和产量正反交杂优效应分析  

Effects of Reciprocal Crosses on Main Agronomic Characters and Yield of Maize Hybrids Crossed by Main Maize Inbred Lines in Southwest

作　　者：唐海涛[1] 张彪[1] 梅碧蓉[2] 郑涵琪 李祥艳[3] 康继伟[1] 陈洁[1] 谭君[1] 何文铸[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院作物研究所,成都610066 [2]成都市农林科学院作物研究所,成都611130 [3]眉山职业技术学院,四川眉山620036

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第15期207-215,共9页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金："863"项目"玉米重要性状QTL的精细定位和优良基因的挖掘"(2012AA101104)

摘　　要：为了比较玉米自交系主要农艺性状和产量的正反交杂优效应,以9份西南地区骨干玉米自交系组配的72份单交种为材料,采用随机区组试验,对自交系及其正反交杂种F1代主要农艺性状和产量进行比较研究。结果表明,正反交效应对不同玉米自交系杂种F1代主要农艺性状和产量的影响不同;T检测表明,大多数玉米自交系正反交杂种F1代主要农艺性状和产量差异不显著。玉米自交系海9-21、5003、478正反交杂种F1代在穗粗、百粒重、单穗粒重、穗下茎节强度及穗位高等性状上差异显著或极显著。由此得出,不同自交系正反交杂种F1代在主要农艺性状和产量上具有不同的杂种优势,其中穗位高/株高具有负向杂种优势。由于玉米穗位高/株高具有负向杂种优势,即杂种F1代穗位高/株高值较自交系有所降低,因此在自交系选育时,不宜对亲本材料过分追求低的穗位高/株高。This paper analyzed the effects of reciprocal crosses on main agronomic characters and yield of 9 main maize inbred lines and 72 F1 generations in China southwest, using randomized trails. The results showed that, the effects of reciprocal effect on agronomic characteristics and yield were different on maize hybrids with different parents. T-test results showed that, the differences of individual agronomic characteristics and yield were not significantly. The differences of ear diameter, 100 grains weight, weight per era, power of breaking resistance of first inter-node below ear were significantly or very significantly on reciprocal maize hybrids crossed by inbred lines such as Hai9-21, 5003, 478. Thus, the heterosis in individual traits and yield of F1 generation crossed by different inbred line was different, the heterosis in era height/plant height was negative.The negative heterosis in era height/plant height brought out that the ear height/plant height of F1 generation was lower than the mean value of parents. So in the selection of maize inbred lines, do not pursuit of lower ear height/plant height value of parent material.

关 键 词：玉米 自交系 杂交种 正反交 农艺性状 产量 杂种优势 

分 类 号：S513.03[农业科学—作物学]