陕北绥德明清窑洞窗棂审美艺术特征和文化意蕴  

The Aesthetic Characteristics and Cultural Meanings of Cave Art of Window Frames in Ming and Qing Dynasties in Suide, Northern Shanxi

作　　者：党恬敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学林学院园林系,泰安271017

出　　处：《农业科技与信息（现代园林）》2014年第5期46-52,共7页Modern Landscape Architecture

摘　　要：陕北绥德是被赋予"秦汉名邦"美称的历史文化名城,始建于秦,繁华于明清。这里的建筑是以黄土高原窑洞建筑为主,窑洞中的装饰是以窗棂为主。窗棂的基本组成元素以植物、几何、文字和其他题材元素为主。本论文通过对窑洞窗棂艺术应用审美特征的造型性与直观性、瞬时性与永固性、再现性与表现性等进行分析,进而归纳出绥德窑洞窗棂的对比与调和、统一与变化、对称与均衡、比例与尺度、节奏与韵律等审美意义和审美情趣,并提出了绥德窑洞窗棂"天圆地方"思想、传统伦理道德、美好生活想往等文化的理念,揭示了绥德窑洞窗棂艺术和文化审美意义。窑洞窗棂艺术在美化表面的同时,在彰显民间技艺、营造造型氛围、传承传统文化等方面都发挥着重要的作用,对建设美丽绥德也具有十分重要的意义。Suide City was regarded as a famous state in the Qin and Han dynasties due to its long history and culture, which was built during the Qin dynasty and became prosperous in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The cave has become the dominant architecture on the loess plateau, and the cave is characterized by the decoration of the window. The basic elements of the window are derived from plants, geometry, characters and other material elements. This paper analyzed the aesthetic feature of the cave art window, including the profile and intuitive model, transient and permanent nature, reproducibility and performance, and then summed Suide cave window frames from contrast and harmony, unity and variation, symmetry and balance, proportion and scale, rhythm and cadence. The paper further proposed the thinking of ＂hemispherical dome＂ , traditional ethics and beautify life to cultural philosophy, and reveal the cultural aesthetic significance of Suide cave window. Cave art of the window frames plays an important role in beautifying the surface, highlighting folk art, creating modeling environment, traditional culture heritage as well as in the construction of a beautiful Suide.

关 键 词：窑洞 窗棂 艺术原则 美学特征 文化涵义 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]