后期持续干旱对北疆棉花生长发育的影响及其抗旱适应性评价  

Effect of prolonged drought during late growth stage on growth of cotton and evaluation of its drought resistance in North Xinjiang

作　　者：李志博[1] 徐建伟[1] 李衡[1] 张小均[1] 魏亦农[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室/石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2014年第3期45-49,82,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31360265;30800695);国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)(2012CB722205);石河子大学动植物育种专项(gxjs2010-yz06)

摘　　要：以18个北疆棉区适宜棉花品种(系)为材料,在大田条件下研究了生育期后期持续干旱对棉花产量和生长发育因子的影响,并用加权隶属函数值法对参试棉花材料的后期抗旱适应性进行评价分析。结果表明,除功能叶叶片的干物质含量显著增加外,后期连续干旱引起了其它的产量因子(铃重、铃数、籽棉产量、衣分)和生长发育相关因子(叶面积、鲜重、干重、株高)的明显下降,籽棉产量的下降率最大,为46.80%;在抗旱系数隶属函数值评价上,不同产量和生长发育因子的抗旱性鉴定结果不同;铃数、籽棉产量、叶面积和叶片干重与后期棉花抗旱性显著正相关,其相对重要性依次为铃数>叶面积>叶片干重>籽棉产量。参试材料中,具有抗旱性的材料为晋棉13号、297-5、新陆早8号、新陆早26号和新陆早35号,没有抗旱性的材料为益农2号、新陆早13号、18-3、81-3和134-1。Eighteen cotton cultivars （ Gossypium hiristurum ） suitable for North Xinjiang were used to study the effect of prolonged drought during late stage on cotton yield ,growth and development .And the drought resistance of these cultivars was also evaluated by weighted fuzzy subordinative function method .The results showed that yield components including boll size ,boll number ,seeds yield and lint percent ,and parameters of growth and development such as the sin-gle functional leaf area ,fresh mass ,dry mass and plant height decreased significantly as compared to the normal irrigation .But the dry matter of stay -green leaf increased significantly ,and the variations of seed yield was the highest for the drought treatment ,with a reduction by 46 .80% .The results of drought resistance evaluation differed when using fuzzy subordinative function method .The drought resistance was mainly associated with boll number ,leaf area ,dry matter ,and seed cotton yield （in the order of significance ） .Cultivars of Jinmian 13 ,297-5 ,Xinluzao No .8 ,Xinluzao No . 26 and Xinluzao No.35 were high resistant ,whereas Yinong 2 ,Xinluzao No .13 ,18-3 ,81-3 ,and 134-1 were sensitive .

关 键 词：棉花 持续干旱 产量 生长因子 权重 模糊隶属法 抗旱适应性 

分 类 号：S562.034[农业科学—作物学]