麦草覆盖条件下施氮水平对旱地梨树生长发育和果实品质的影响  

Effect of nitrogen rates on pear tree growth and fruit quality under wheat straw mulching in dryland

作　　者：刘小勇[1] 张坤[1] 李建明[2] 赵明新[1] 王玮[1] 李红旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]静宁县果业局,甘肃静宁743400

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2014年第3期139-143,149,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：农业部西北作物抗旱栽培与耕作重点开放实验室和甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室开放基金课题(HNSJJ-201103);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-29-41);农业部园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室基金

摘　　要：为探明覆草条件下施氮水平对旱地梨树(Pyrus bretschnei deri Rehd.)生长发育和果实品质的影响,设置在全园覆草条件下株施纯氮1kg(T1)、0.5kg(T2)、0.25kg(T3)和不施氮(T4,CK)四种处理,2011年至2012年测定了土壤和叶片养分、树体营养生长和果实产量品质等指标。结果表明,麦草覆盖条件下施氮能显著降低土壤pH值,提高土壤钙、锌含量,明显促进了梨叶片组织结构生长。随着施氮量的增加,梨树新梢生长量、叶面积和百叶重量、叶绿素含量显著提高。不同施氮处理均能提高梨果品产量,T1、T2、T3处理分别比对照提高25.4%、17.0%、11.6%。施氮后梨果实可溶性糖、有机酸含量明显降低,而果实硬度、可溶性固形物、水分含量等品质指标处理间差异不显著。This study aims to determine the effect of nitrogen application under wheat straw mulching on pear growth and fruit quality in dryland .From 2011 to 2012 ,the experiment was performed with four nitrogen treatments of different levels ,being 1 kg （T1 ） ,0 .5 kg （T2 ） and 0 .25 kg （T3 ） and CK （without nitrogen input ） .Soil properties and leaf chlorophyll contents ,vegetative growth ,fruit yield and quality traits were analyzed .The results showed that the different N application reduced soil pH value significantly ,improved soil calcium and zinc contents .N applications promoted leaf growth .N fertilizer significantly promoted shoot growth , leaf area and leaf weight and chlorophyll contents ,with fruit yield of T1 ,T2 ,T3 being 25 .4% ,17 .0% ,and 11 .6% higher than that of CK ,respectively .N fertilization decreased fruit soluble sugar ,organic acid contents significantly .By contrast ,quality parameters such as the fruit hardness ,soluble solids ,water contents were not significantly different anong treatments .

关 键 词：麦草覆盖 施氮水平 梨树 养分含量 生长指标 果实品质 

分 类 号：S661.206[农业科学—果树学] S143.1[农业科学—园艺学]