阿尔金山自然保护区藏羚羊冷暖季适宜性栖息地分异性  

Habitat differentiation of Tibetan antelope in cold and warm seasons in Aerjin Mountain National Nature Reserve,China

作　　者：苏旭坤[1] 董世魁[1] 刘世梁[1] 石建斌[1] 吴娱[1] 张翔 高峰 许东华 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,北京师范大学水环境模拟国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]巴音郭楞蒙古自治州阿尔金山国家级自然保护区管理局,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第6期1639-1646,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：环保部环保公益项目(201209033);国家“十二五”科技支撑项目(2012BAC01B02)资助

摘　　要：阿尔金山国家级自然保护区是保护藏羚羊等珍稀濒危有蹄类动物的三大保护区之一。客观地划分保护区内藏羚羊在冷季(1月)、暖季(7月)的栖息地适宜度是维持其种群数量持续发展的有效途径。本文以生态位理论为指导,综合应用GIS技术和层次分析法,构建基于GIS的生态位模型,确定藏羚羊在冷暖两季的适宜栖息地。结果表明:冷、暖两季的高适宜性与中适宜性栖息地面积总和分别为12620和15630 km2,冷暖季高适宜性栖息地主要位于保护区东北部(库木库里沙漠东北部)、保护区中部(卡尔墩检查站周围区域并延伸至阿其克库勒湖东部)、保护区西南部(兔子湖检查站附近区域),中适宜性栖息地主要分布于保护区东南部及高适宜性栖息地的周围区域;冷、暖季低适宜性栖息地面积分别为9930和8400 km2,冷季低适宜性栖息地主要分布于中适宜性栖息地与不适宜区域之间的过渡地带,暖季主要分布于鲸鱼湖周围区域及中适宜栖息地外围;冷、暖季不适宜区域面积分别为24290和22810 km2,包括保护区北部、湖泊、沙漠及高海拔区域。藏羚羊冷暖两季栖息地具有差异性,藏羚羊在冷季活动范围集中,而在暖季活动范围相对分散。Aerjin（ Altun） Mountain National Nature Reserve is one of three refuges for rare and endangered ungulates such as Tibetan antelope in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. As a kind of migration ungulate,Tibetan antelope＇s population could be effectively protected through identifying its habitat suitability in cold（ January） and warm（ July） seasons. On the basis of niche theory,we used GIS and AHP jointly to build a GIS-based niche model for delimiting and classifying habitat suitability in cold and warm seasons. Results showed that total areas of high suitability and moderate suitability habitats in cold and warm seasons were 12620 and 15630 km^2,respectively.High suitability habitats in cold and warm seasons were located in the northeast of the reserve（ the northeast of Kumkury Desert）,the middle of the reserve（ from Kardun inspection station to the eastern boundary of Aqqikkol Lake） and the southwest of the reserve（ near Tuzihu inspection station）. Moderate suitability habitats were located in the southeast of the reserve and around the high suitability habitats. The total areas of low suitability habitats were 9930 km^2in cold season and 8400 km^2in warm season. Low suitability habitats were located between moderate suitability habitats and unsuitable areas in cold season,and around Jingyu Lake and moderate suitability habitats in warm season. Unsuitable areas in cold and warm seasons were 24290 and 22810 km^2,respectively,and were consisted of the north of reserve,lakes,desert,and high elevation zone.Our study indicated that habitat suitability differed in cold and warm seasons. The distribution of Tibetan antelope was predominantly limited by natural and anthropogenic factors in cold season.The distributions of Tibetan antelope were more concentrative in cold season,but more dispersive in warm season.

关 键 词：藏羚羊 季节适宜性 栖息地分异性 生态位模型 阿尔金山国家级自然保护区 

分 类 号：S865.3[农业科学—野生动物驯养]