短距离速滑弯道滑跑与弯道牵引腿部肌电特征的比较  

A comparison of the characteristics of leg myoelectricity generated during curve skating and traction simulated curve skating for short distance speed skating

作　　者：李芙蓉[1] 陈月亮[1] 吴新炎[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北理工学院体育部,湖北黄石435000

出　　处：《体育学刊》2014年第3期127-131,共5页Journal of Physical Education

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2009BAK57B05);国家体育总局奥运公关课题(2012A022)

摘　　要：运用表面肌电和高速摄影同步技术,结合功能解剖学,对比分析弯道滑跑和弯道牵引单步周期的肌电振幅曲线和时间、肌电参数,发现:(1)两者单步周期用时差异具有显著性,蹬冰期用时差异没有显著性。(2)两者单步周期肌肉振幅峰值都出现在蹬冰期,动作时相也一致。两者右单步周期踝关节肌群、股后肌群和臀大肌振幅峰值差异明显,左单步周期踝关节肌群差异明显。(3)两者右单步周期踝关节肌群、股后肌群和臀大肌IEMG差异明显,左单步周期踝关节肌群IEMG差异明显。结果表明:两者因为使用器械的不同,单步周期踝关节肌肉收缩形式和动作模式不一致;两者单步周期蹬冰期股四头肌收缩形式和动作模式一致,右腿膝关节运动时肌肉间的协调模式不一致,左腿膝关节运动时肌肉间的协调模式一致;弯道牵引练习时,通过加大牵引力量,刺激肌肉运动单位募集水平提高,长期练习可以形成适应性,进而提高弯道滑冰加速能力。By applying surface myoelectricity and high speed photography synchronization technology, coupled with fimctional anatomy, the authors comparatively analyzed myoelectricity amplitude curves and times as well as myoelectricity parameters in the single foot skating period of curve skating and traction simulated curve skating, and revealed the following findings： 1） between the two types of curve skating, the difference in the time used in the single foot skating period was significant, while the difference in the time used in the ice striking period was not significant; 2） between the two types of curve skating, muscle amplitude peak values in the single foot skating period appeared in the ice striking period, and the time phases of movement were consistent as well; the differences in amplitude peak values of the ankle joint muscle group, hamstring muscle group and gluteus maximus in the single right foot skating period were significant; the difference in the ankle joint muscle group in the single left foot skating period was significant; 3） between the two types of curve skating, the differences in the IEMG of the ankle joint muscle group, hamstring muscle group and gluteus maximus in the single right foot skating period were significant; the difference in the IEMG of the ankle joint muscle group in the single left foot skating period was significant. The said findings indicated the followings： between the two types of curve skating, due to the difference of instruments used, ankle joint muscle contraction forms and movement modes in the single foot skating period were inconsistent; quadriceps contraction forms and movement modes in the ice striking period of the single foot skating period were consistent; when the right leg anlde joint moved, the mode of coordination between muscles was inconsistent; when the left leg ankle joint moved, the mode of coordination between muscles was consistent; during the practice of traction simulated curve skating, we can stimulate the enhancement of the movingunit gath

关 键 词：运动生理学 短距离速滑 弯道滑跑 弯道牵引 单步周期 表面肌电 

分 类 号：G808.2[文化科学—体育训练]