北冰洋浮冰区的气象要素特征  

METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATION ON DRIFTING ICE IN ARCTIC OCEAN

作　　者：程彦杰[1] 卞林根[1] 陆龙骅[1] 逯昌贵[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《极地研究》2000年第4期253-262,共10页Chinese Journal of Polar Research

基　　金：北极科学考察和国家自然科学基金资助项目! ( 4 99750 0 6)

摘　　要：利用中国首次北极科学考察队观测的气象资料 ,初步分析研究了 1 999年 8月 1 9～ 2 4日北冰洋浮冰 ( 75°N,1 60°W)上的温、压、湿、风、云量、辐射、海表温度、冰面及冰中温度等气象要素变化特征 ,并结合 50 0 h Pa高度场分析了该期间的天气过程。结果表明 :在考察期间海面与冰面温度日变化差异明显。除晴天夜间出现逆温外 ,气温随高度增大而减小 ,冰面为热源 ,不断有向上的热量输送。海温则稳定少变。冰中热交换主要发生在冰下 0～ 40 cm深度。由于有海上湿平流等影响 ,存在“逆湿”现象。晴天反射率具有明显日变化 ,早晚大 ,中午小。海冰表面平均反射率约为 0 .76。WT5BZ] The variations of meteorological elements such as temperature, pressure, humidity, wind speed, cloud cover, radiation components and ice temperature, the weather process as well are presented based on the data obtained by Chinese National Arctic Expedition on a drifting ice at (75°N,160°W) in Arctic Ocean in August 19-24,1999. The temperature of ice surface has obvious diurnal variation. It is higher than air temperature in daytime and inversion layer only occurs during the cloudless night. The temperature of sea surface changes little about -1℃ in day and night time. There is inversion humidity in most time near the ice surface in the Arctic Ocean affected by wet advection as the drifting ice surrounded by open water. The average albedo for 6 days is 0 76 and around noontime it is lower than that in the rest time because the ice surface absorbs radiative energy and causes melting. The diurnal variation of net radiation is as significant as that of global radiation. That the average of net radiation is positive for each day means that the surface can obtain radiative energy and gives out the heat to air in form of long wave. The relation of radiation and cloud cover is also discussed. [WT5HZ]

关 键 词：北冰洋 浮冰 气象特征 反射率 逆湿 气湿 海表温度 冰面温度 

分 类 号：P461.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]