新疆北部平原区2003—2011年地下水水质变化特征  

Variations of groundwater quality in 2003-2011 in the plain area of North Xinjiang,China

作　　者：李巧[1] 周金龙[1,2,3] 高业新[2] 贾瑞亮[1] 白春艳[1] 纪媛媛[1] 杨广焱[3] 吴霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,河北石家庄050061 [3]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《地学前缘》2014年第4期124-134,共11页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51069016);国土资源部公益性行业科研专项经费项目"地下水典型试验场科学观测与综合研究"(200911004);新疆维吾尔自治区水文学及水资源重点学科基金项目(xjswszyzdxk20101202)

摘　　要：近年来,大规模的人类活动加剧了区域地下水水质恶化。为了解新疆北部平原区地下水水质时空变化特征,文章以平原区的乌鲁木齐市、克拉玛依市、昌吉回族自治州、阿勒泰地区、博尔塔拉蒙古自治州、塔城地区、伊犁哈萨克自治州(直属)、石河子市等8个地区(州、市)的地下水水质变化为研究对象,分析了平原区地下水化学特征、典型区石河子市地下水水质年内变化及年际动态、分别对比了平原区边缘、过渡带和中心2003年和2011年共51组原位取样点水质指标数据。结果表明:新疆北部平原区地下水化学类型与含油盆地有类似的规律,在边缘主要为HCO3-Ca,到中心过渡为HCO3-Na;典型区(石河子市)地下水质10月优于4月,2001—2010年地下水水质呈恶化趋势;地下水水质达到或优于Ⅲ类的面积占统计总面积的百分数由2003年的79%降至2011年的64%。得出了新疆北部平原区具有地下水水化学类型空间分带性、8年来除昌吉回族自治州部分地区外地下水水质变差、平原区中心地下水水质变差幅度最大的结论。讨论了典型地区(州)地下水水质类别变化特征及造成这种变化的原因(机井混层取水、工业活动和农业活动、开采量增大等),提出了地下水水质改善与污染防治对策(控制点源的排放、加强地表水污染的防治、防止农业面源污染、分层开采地下水、重视地下水水质动态监测等)。Owing to large-scale human activities in modern times,the tendency of groundwater quality deterioration is becoming increasingly obvious.For the purpose of investigating the groundwater quality of the research area,we studied the variations of groundwater quality of 8prefectures（cities）includingrümqi City,Kelamayi City,Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture,Altay Prefecture,Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture,Tacheng Prefecture,Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture and Shihezi City,located in the plain area of North Xinjiang,China.We analyzed hydrochemical types and compared quality indexes of the groundwater from 51in-situ sampling points in 2003and 2011of the edge,transition zone and center of the study area.We found that the increase of human activities in the plain area in the past 8years led to the great changes of the groundwater quality,and the percentage of areas with groundwater quality reaching or better than type III decreased from 79%of the total study area in 2003to 64%in 2011.Conclusions were drawn that hydrochemical zonality exists and groundwater quality deteriorated during 2003and 2011in plain area especially in the center of the study area.This paper discusses the variations of groundwater quality types in the typical prefectures（cities）and the reasons for such changes（mixed-layer water exploitation in motorpumped well,industrial and agricultural activities,increased water exploitation,etc.）.We propose some measures to improve groundwater quality and to prevent and control groundwater pollution in the plain area（control point source pollution emissions,prevent agricultural non-point source pollution,layered exploitation of groundwater,emphasis on dynamic monitoring of groundwater quality,etc.）.

关 键 词：新疆北部平原区 地下水 水质变化 防治对策 

分 类 号：P641.1[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]