控释尿素基施及普通尿素分期施对旱地冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响  

Effect on Growth and Development,Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat through Controlled-release Urea Base and Common Urea with Split Application in Loess Plateau East of Gansu

作　　者：张建军[1,2,3] 党翼[1,2,3] 樊廷录[4,2,3] 赵刚[1] 王勇[1] 王磊[1] 李尚中[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]农业部西北作物抗旱栽培与耕作重点开放实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [4]甘肃省农业科学院科研管理处,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《核农学报》2014年第5期912-918,共7页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD09B03;2012BAD20B04-04);西北旱作营养与施肥观测实验站资助

摘　　要：为了探讨陇东旱地冬小麦高产高效简化施肥技术,研究了控释尿素一次性基肥和普通尿素分期施(即一基一追)施肥模式对旱地冬小麦产量、水分利用效率的影响,以及灌浆期冬小麦冠层NDVI值、功能叶SPAD值随施氮量的变化。结果表明:等氮量的控释尿素一次性基施产量和水分利用效率可以达到或超过普通尿素分次施用的效果,覆膜与否和肥料处理单因素间差异显著,互作不显著。本试验以一次性基施控释尿素180kg·hm-2的产量和水分利用效率最高,其中地膜覆盖栽培为3549.0kg·hm-2和13.2kg·mm-1·hm-2;露地栽培为2251.5kg·hm-2和9.15kg·mm-1·hm-2,且产量构成优;施用等氮量的控释尿素较普通尿素能提高灌浆期功能叶SPAD值,即叶绿素含量,有助于延缓后期衰老,促进籽粒灌浆,增加穗粒数和粒重,还能显著增加冬小麦NDVI值,即冬小麦群体密度,实现高产。In order to find a simplified fertilization technique for winter wheat production in eastern Gansu＇s Loess Plateau region,the research examined the effect of two fertilizing patterns,controlled-releasing urea as base fertilizer and commonly-practicing staged fertilization,on yield and water use efficiency（ WUE） for rainfed winter wheat. The changes of NDVI and SPAD value of function leaf under different nitrogen treatments in the filling stage were also checked. The results showed that,by using equal amount of controlled release urea,crop yield and WUE can reach or be higher than that of using common urea by staged application. However,difference was significant in single basal application of controlled-release urea of 180kg·hm- 2,the yield and WUE of winter wheat was highest and the yield component was the best in this study. Yield and WUE under plastic film mulching cultivation was 3549. 0 and 13. 2kg· mm^- 1·hm^- 2,respectively,meanwhile,the numbers were 2251. 5 and 9. 15kg·hm^- 2respectively under open field cultivation. Compared with common urea at the same stages,equal nitrogen nutriment application of controlled-release improves leaf SPAD value in grain filling stage（ named the chlorophyll content）,and helps to extend leaf senescence, promotes grouting,increases per-spike grain number and grain weight. Moreover,it can significantly increase NDVI value,which means that it increases population density and,thus,facilitates to obtain high yield.

关 键 词：控释尿素 产量 水分利用效率 NDVI值 SPAD值 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]