滴灌对北疆复播油葵耗水和生长的影响效应  

Effect of Drip Irrigation on Water Consumption and Growth of Oil Sunflower in Northern Xinjiang

作　　者：王振华[1,2] 郑旭荣[1,2] 宋常吉 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《核农学报》2014年第5期919-928,共10页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD29B06);国家自然科学基金项目(51169022)

摘　　要：节水和增产是干旱区北疆农业发展的双重目标,采用滴灌与复播油葵种植相结合的方式是提高水分利用效率,实现粮油增产的有效途径。该文以北疆复播油葵为研究对象,在石河子大学节水灌溉试验站标准农田进行大田试验,研究了不同滴灌灌溉定额对油葵耗水、生长发育及产量的影响效应,定量分析了灌溉定额、蒸发蒸腾量与产量之间的关系,并探讨了滴灌油葵的节水灌溉制度。结果表明,复播油葵现蕾期和开花期两个生育期的耗水量占全生育期耗水量比例超过57%,是油葵生长过程中的两个需水关键期,不同灌水定额对油葵株数、株高、叶面积指数和产量均产生显著性影响(P<0.05),而采用中等灌溉量可以满足节水和增产的双重目标。滴灌复播油葵节水灌溉制度为:灌溉定额286mm,灌水6次,其中苗期和灌浆期灌水量均为47.67mm,现蕾期和开花期灌水量均为95.33mm。Water saving and yield increasing are dual goals for agricultural development at arid areas in northern China Xinjiang,and it is the efficient path using drip irrigation to plant oil sunflower to increase water use efficiency and grain and oil yield. The oil sunflower was selected as the research object,and the field experiment was conducted at watersaving-irrigation experiment station in Shihezi university. We researched on effects of different drip irrigation norm on water consumption,growing development and yield of oil sunflower,and quantitative analyzed the relationship between the irrigation norm,tatolevapotranspiration and yield,furthermore,discussed the saving irrigation schedule. The results indicate that the squaring period and flowering period are most important water consumption growth periods of oil sunflower,which took 57% water consumption for the total growth period. The different irrigation norm significant affect the number,height,leaf area index and yield（ P〈0. 05）,and the medium irrigation norm can satisfy dual goals for water saving and yield increasing. The drip irrigation schedule for oil sunflower is shown： irrigation norm is 286 mm, seedling period and pustulation period are 47. 67mm,squaring period and flowering period are 95. 33mm.

关 键 词：滴灌 油葵 水分生产函数 灌溉制度 

分 类 号：S565.5[农业科学—作物学]