20世纪70年代驻韩联合国军司令部存废问题——以美国决策为中心的考察  

The Retention or Abolition of United Nations Command in South Korea with U.S.Policy in the 1970s

作　　者：梁志[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史学系冷战国际史研究中心 [2]复旦大学韩国研究中心,兼职研究员上海200241

出　　处：《世界历史》2014年第3期4-16,158,共13页World History

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目"朝鲜半岛紧张局势与美韩信任危机研究(1953-1976)"(项目批准号:12CSS006);上海市教育委员会科研创新项目"冷战时期朝鲜半岛危机与美韩同盟互信关系研究"(项目批准号:13ZS031)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：驻韩联合国军司令部是美国在朝鲜半岛的重要冷战工具之一。20世纪70年代初,随着朝鲜半岛内外部关系的急剧变动、不结盟国家在联合国实力的日益壮大以及驻韩联合国军司令部自身的不断萎缩,驻韩联合国军司令部存废问题被提上议事日程。短暂回避后,美国决定在不明显损害自身在朝鲜半岛的既得利益,甚至迫使中朝两国做出某种让步的前提下,废除驻韩联合国军司令部。但国际舆论的彻底分裂导致1975年联大同时采纳美韩和中朝的提案,驻韩联合国军司令部则一直存在至今。之所以出现如上结局,部分原因在于身处缓和年代的美国决策者并未从根本上调整对朝鲜半岛的政策,依旧片面地追求国家利益的最大化。United Nations Command(UNC) was important for United States' policy towards the Korean Peninsula in the first half period of the Cold War.With the great change in Korean Peninsula's internal and external relationships,growing influence of the Non-Aligned countries in the United Nations,and gradual withering of the UNC,the issue of retention or abolition of UNC was placed on the agenda in the early 1970 s.U.S.tended to avoid discussing the issue at the outset,but later decided to accept the dissolution of UNC,on the premise that this would not harm its most significant vested interests in the Korean Peninsula.In 1975,U.S.-South Korea resolution and China-North Korea resolution were adopted simultaneously by the UN General Assembly.As a result,the UNC maintains its presence until now,which is partly because the U.S.did not fundamentally change its policy toward the Korean Peninsula and still sought to maximize its interest unilaterally.

关 键 词：驻韩联合国军司令部 美国 冷战零和意识 冷战本土化 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学] D813.2[政治法律—外交学]