被保护人与罗马早期社会的等级冲突  

The Clients in the Early Roman Conflict of the Orders

作　　者：胡玉娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所,研究员北京100006

出　　处：《世界历史》2014年第3期63-74,160,共12页World History

摘　　要：罗马早期社会中的被保护人同贵族、平民的关系微妙。一方面,被保护人依附于贵族氏族;另一方面,他们的社会地位与平民接近。这种中间身份使被保护人阶层成为政治斗争中的一枚重要棋子。在某种意义上,贵族与平民的命运都取决于被保护人的立场。在等级冲突的初期(公元前5—前4世纪前期),被保护人总是帮助贵族反对平民的保民官。公元前4世纪后期情况发生了变化,被保护人似乎逐渐摆脱了贵族的控制。一种学术假说认为,在等级冲突中发生了一场被保护人的革命。The early Roman clients had a very subtle relationship with the patricians and the plebs.On one hand,they were dependents of the patricians' gentes.On the other hand,their social status was closer to that of the plebs.Such an intermediate identity made the class of the clients a crucial makeweight for the plebs and the patricians.To some extent,both the patrician and the plebs' fates were decided by the clients.In the early two centuries of the Conflict of the Orders,the clients were always ready to help the patricians against the tribunes of the plebs.The situation changed in the second half of the fourth century B.C.Since then the clients seemed to have gained more independence.It is assumed that there existed a revolution of the clients in the Conflict of Orders.This paper aims to substantiate this assumption and give further explanations.

关 键 词：被保护人 平民 贵族 早期罗马 等级冲突 

分 类 号：K126[历史地理—历史学]