国家安全委员会体制的国际比较  

National Security Council Regimes:A Comparative Study on Evidences from Typical States

作　　者：刘鹏[1] 刘志鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《经济社会体制比较》2014年第3期88-99,共12页Comparative Economic & Social Systems

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:71103191);国家社会科学基金重大项目"基层政府社会管理机制创新研究";国家"985工程优势学科创新平台项目";中国人民大学行政管理国家重点学科资助项目

摘　　要：随着非传统安全威胁的增多、行政权力的扩张、政策转移效应的增强和国家民主建设进程的推进,各国纷纷成立安全委员会以应对国内外安全问题。然而,比较研究发现,各国成立的安全委员会在级别、性质、内部结构以及隶属和负责制方面存在着差异,这些差异主要取决于如下因素:(1)具体安全环境不同,即一般安全环境越危急,其安全委员会级别越高,多为决策机构,采用会议制结构;(2)综合国力不同,即一般综合国力较强的国家,其安全委员会的内部结构较为复杂,同时多为咨询、协调机构;(3)政体不同,即议会制国家的安全委员会多隶属于政府,而总统制国家的安全委员会隶属于行政首长,多采用主席负责制。这些差异可为我国建立和完善国家安全委员会提供参考。As a result of the increase of non - traditional security threats, expansion of executive power, increased effect of policy transfer and democratization, national security councils have been established all over the world. However, there are some differences among these councils in terms of administrative rank, characteristic, structure, administrative subordination and responsibility system. Several factors can be employed to explain those differences. First, the severe security environment leads to a higher level, decision - making and conference- based council. Second, a more complex council generally goes with a more powerful state, which functions as a consulting and coordinated agency. Third, the administrative subordination of the council is closely connected with the regime. In parliamentary states, national security councils are usually subordinated to their executive agencies, but in presidential states their counterparts are subordinated to presidents accordingly with a principal responsibility system. All these comparative studies can shed light on the principles and guidelines of the upcoming China＇s National Security Council regime design.

关 键 词：国家安全委员会 行政机构 非传统安全 

分 类 号：D03[政治法律—政治学]