长毛对虾海水养殖环境以及虾肠道微生物群落结构研究  

Microbial community in the shrimp( Penaeus penicillatus) intestine and its culture environment

作　　者：王春忠 林国荣[2] 严涛[3] 郑志鹏 欧清峰 陈斌 孙富林[3] 

机构地区：[1]福建省莆田市水产科学研究所,福建莆田351100 [2]莆田学院,福建莆田351100 [3]中国科学院南海海洋研究所,广东广州510301 [4]莆田市天然星农业开发有限公司,福建莆田351100

出　　处：《水产学报》2014年第5期706-712,共7页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家科技富民强县专项行动计划(国科发农[2012]745号);福建省科技厅区域重大项目(2013N3004);莆田市科技计划区域重点项目(2012S14)

摘　　要：为了研究长毛对虾养殖环境以及对虾肠道微生物种群结构的特征,实验分别采集养殖区进水口水体、养殖池底泥、养殖池水体以及长毛对虾肠道样品,采用构建16S rRNA基因克隆文库的方法对不同样品间的微生物群落组成进行了研究。结果表明,4组样品中共获得621条序列,操作分类单元(OTU)总数达212个,表明养殖环境微生物群落结构具有高度的多样性。从遗传进化树分析发现,进水口水体中细菌优势种群为蓝细菌(53.97%)、α-变形杆菌(13.76%)和γ-变形杆菌(10.58%);养殖池水体细菌优势种群为蓝细菌(33.55%)、γ-变形杆菌(14.84%)、厚壁菌(14.19%)、拟杆菌(12.26%)和α-变形杆菌(9.68%);养殖池底泥细菌优势种群大部分属于厚壁细菌(79.12%);对虾肠道细菌优势种群为厚壁细菌(75.79%)、梭杆菌(13.68%)和γ-变形杆菌(10.53%)。在目分类水平上,养殖池底泥、养殖池水体和对虾肠道中芽孢杆菌占有较高的比例,分别占克隆数的69.78%、13.55%和72.63%;进水口水体和养殖池水体中红细菌的比例较高,分别占克隆数的10.05%和9.68%。本研究分析了养殖环境以及对虾肠道微生物的群落结构,揭示微生物从水源到对虾肠道内的演替规律。总体上,本养殖系统微生物群落结构良好,但在养殖池水体和对虾肠道中也检测到黄杆菌类群和少量的弧菌。本研究有助于了解养殖环境对于对虾肠道微生物组成的影响,并为长毛对虾病害的预防提供参考。To investigate bacterial communities and diversity in the shrimp（ Penaeus penicillatus） intestinal and culture-associated environment,16S rRNA clone library analysis was performed. The results demonstrated that there were obvious differences in the bacterial compositions of the outside seawater,culture system and the shrimp intestine. The comparison analysis revealed that the bacterial community had high diversity among the samples. The results also showed that the intestinal microbial community of shrimp had lower diversity than those from the culture-associated environments. Cyanobacteria（ 53. 97%）,Alphaproteobacteria（ 13. 76%） and Gamma-proteobacteria（ 10. 58%） constituted the dominant components of the outside seawater samples. Cyanobacteria（ 33. 55%）,Gamma-proteobacteria（ 14. 84%）,Firmicutes（ 14. 19%）,Bacteriodietes（ 12. 26%） and Alpha-proteobacteria（ 9. 68%） were the dominant bacteria groups in culture water. Culture sediments were mainly dominated by Firmicutes（ 79. 12%）. Firmicutes（ 75. 79%）, Fusobacteria（ 13. 68%） and Gamma-proteobacteria（ 10. 53%） were dominant in the shrimp intestine. The order of Bacillales occupied a higher proportion of bacterial community in culture sediments（ 69. 78%）, culture water（ 13. 55%） and the shrimp intestinal tract（ 72. 63%）,which may play an important role in the maintenance of healthy culture system. An important bacteria group,Rhodobacterales was also dominant in outside water（ 10. 05%） and culture water samples（ 9. 68%）. In addition,outside seawater and culture water harbored higher diversity of bacterial community than the shrimp intestine and culture sediments,and had more potential pathogens,such as Flavobacteria（ 10. 32%） and Fusobacteriales（ 13. 68%）. This study will increase our understanding about the effects of culture environment on bacterial community composition in the shrimp intestine and provide valuable data for the development of prevention mechanisms for shrimp cultivation.

关 键 词：长毛对虾 细菌群落 16S rRNA基因文库 海水养殖系统 

分 类 号：Q938.1[生物学—微生物学] S917.1[农业科学—水产科学]