实验室条件下麦穗鱼群体动态结构的表达  

The observation on the dynamic structure of Pseudorasbora parva school under laboratory conditions

作　　者：王军[1] 周应祺[1,2,3,4] 钱卫国[1,2,3,4] 曹道梅 李玉伟[1,2,3,4] 陈鹿[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [4]上海海洋大学远洋渔业协同创新中心,上海201306

出　　处：《水产学报》2014年第5期741-747,共7页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：上海市教委重点课程建设项目(2013-125);上海海洋大学研究生科研基金(B-5008-11-0009118);上海海洋大学博士科研启动基金(A-0209-13-0105418);上海市研究生教育创新计划大文科研究生学术新人培育计划(B1-5201-13-0000-10)

摘　　要：为了探究麦穗鱼群体动态结构的特征参数,以及这些参数可能反映的行为机理,本实验使用2台摄像机从俯视和侧视2个方向同时拍摄由13尾麦穗鱼组成的群体,获取连续时间内麦穗鱼群体中各个体的三维位置数据,对个体间最近邻近距离、视角、转角变化量、个体游泳速度等参数进行分析。结果表明：麦穗鱼个体最近邻近距离多数处于0.5-2 BL,偏好的最近邻近距离为0.6-0.8 BL;麦穗鱼总是将最邻近的个体保持在本鱼80°视野范围内;避免碰撞时,个体鱼转角改变量为0-30°;在无人为干扰的自然环境下,个体鱼以0.75 BL/s左右的速度配合其他个体保持运动速度一致性。实验观察证实,视觉对麦穗鱼个体间的分布起着关键性作用,此外麦穗鱼群体动态结构还受到个体状态（饱食与饥饿）的影响。Fish schools present perfect order in dimension,which has attracted interest and attention of scientists. For observation of the structure characteristics of fish school,two video cameras were set up in lab to record the position of fish（ Pseudorasbora parva） from up and side directions of aquarium simultaneously. Three-dimensional location data of each individual can be abstracted from the record in time series. The characteristic parameters data,nearest neighbor distance（ NND）,vision angle（ VA）,turning angle as well as individual swimming speed,have been analyzed for presenting the structure characteristics of fish school. The results showthat NNDs of individuals have kept in a range of 0. 5-2 BL mostly,and the preferred nearest neighbour distances（ PNND） are 0. 6-0. 8 BL. To avoid a collision,the individual fish always keeps the neighbour fish located its visual field in range 80° and the variation of turning angle keeps the range from 0° to 30°（ 95. 83%）. Under natural conditions without any stimulus or disturbance,the fish swims at around 0. 75 BL / s to match the others maintaining in schooling. The results of our study confirm that visual ability plays an important role in the schooling performance of P. parva,and the group structure is also affected by individual status（ satiation and hunger）.

关 键 词：麦穗鱼 鱼群 群体动态结构 最近邻近距离 视觉 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学] S917.4[生物学—普通生物学]