非寄主植物乙醇提取物对褐飞虱若虫的驱避与触杀活性  

Repellent activity and contact toxicity of ethanolic extracts from 11 non-host plant species against the brown planthopper nymphs,Nilaparvata lugens

作　　者：张献英[1] 王华[2] 杜尧东[1,2] 犹昌艳[1] 胡飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学,广东广州510642 [2]广东省气候中心,广东广州510080

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2014年第2期229-236,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：中国气象局公益性行业科研专项项目(201006026)

摘　　要：为了评估非寄主植物次生物质对褐飞虱3~4龄若虫的驱避与触杀活性，本文用乙醇浸提了11种在华南地区分布广泛的植物获得其乙醇提取物。分析了这11种植物乙醇提取物对褐飞虱3~4龄若虫的驱避作用，采用药膜法测定了其对褐飞虱3~4龄若虫的触杀作用。结果表明，10 mg·mL-1的质量浓度下，花椒（Zanthoxylum bungeanum）和小茴香（Foeniculum vulgare）提取物对褐飞虱若虫有显著地拒避作用，24 h的拒避率分别为53.3%和43.3%；塞楝（Khaya senegalensis）、胜红蓟（Ageratum conyzoides）、桉树（Eucalyptus exsetrta）和毛麻楝（Chukrasia tabularis）提取物对褐飞虱若虫有显著地引诱作用，24 h着落率分别为75.0%、73.3%、73.3%和71.7%。花椒和小茴香提取物对褐飞虱若虫的拒避作用随着质量浓度的上升而增加，在10~40 mg·mL-1的质量浓度下均对褐飞虱3~4龄若虫有显著地拒避活性，40 mg·mL-1时拒避作用最明显，24 h拒避率分别为66.7%和60.0%。塞楝、胜红蓟、桉树和毛麻楝提取物对褐飞虱若虫的引诱作用均随着质量浓度的上升先增加后降低。塞楝和毛麻楝乙醇提取物对褐飞虱若虫的拒避与引诱活性因其质量浓度的不同而有差异，当质量浓度小时（10 mg·mL1）对褐飞虱若虫有显著地引诱作用；当质量浓度大时（40 mg·mL1）对褐飞虱若虫有显著地拒避作用，24 h后，拒避率分别为50.0%和40.0%。胜红蓟乙醇提取物在5和10 mg·mL-1的质量浓度下对褐飞虱若虫具有显著地引诱作用，24 h后，着落率分别为71.7%和73.3%；桉树乙醇提取物在10和20 mg·mL-1的质量浓度下对褐飞虱若虫具有显著地引诱作用，24 h后，着落率分别为73.3%和71.7%。辣椒（Capsicum annuum）、小茴香、花椒、胜红蓟和鬼针草（Bidens pilosa）乙醇提取物对褐飞虱若虫的触杀活性效果显著，在95.69μg·cm-2的剂量下，24 h校正死亡率达到85%以上，LD50值依次�The aim of this study was to evaluate the repellent activity and contact toxicity of ethanolic extracts from non-host plant species against the brown planthopper （BPH）, Nilaparvata lugens. We prepared ethanolic extracts from 11 plant species widely distributed in southern China, and tested their effects on BPH stage 3~4 nymphs using a film bioassay. The results showed that the extracts from Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Foeniculum vulgare had anti-feeding activity against BPH nymphs at a concentration of 10 mg·mL-1. These Z. bungeanum and F. vulgare extracts also had repellent activity, with repellent rates of 53.3% and 43.3%, respectively, at 24 h after extract application. In contrast, the extracts from Khaya senegalensis, Ageratum conyzoides, Eucalyptus exserta, and Chukrasia tabularis showed attractant activity at a concentration of 10 mg·mL-1;we recorded landing rates of 75.0%, 73.3%, 73.3%and 71.7%, respectively, at 24 h after extract application. Furthermore, the repellent activity of Z. bungeanum and F. vulgare extracts increased as the concentration increased. For example, these extracts at a concentration of 40 mg·mL-1 showed 66.7% and 60.0% repellent rates, respectively, at 24 h after extract application. The extracts from Z. bungeanum and F. vulgare showed significant repellent activity in the concentration range of 10~40 mg·mL-1. The attractant activity of extracts from K. senegalensis, A. conyzoides, E. exserta, and C. tabularis increased at relatively low concentrations, but decreased as the concentration of the extract became higher. The effects of ethanolic extracts from K. senegalensis and C. tabularis on BPH nymphs were different at different concentrations;at a low concentration （10 mg·mL-1）, they showed significant attractant activity to BPH nymphs, while at a high concentration （40 mg·mL-1）, they showed repellant activities of 50.0%and 40.0%, respectively, at 24 h after extract application. The extract from A. conyzoides had a significant attractant activity at 5 and 10 mg·mL-

关 键 词：植物乙醇提取物 褐飞虱 驱避活性 触杀活性 

分 类 号：S482.39[农业科学—农药学] Q968[农业科学—植物保护]