阿尔金山保护区藏野驴和野牦牛夏季生境选择分析  

Summer Habitat Selection of the Ungulates Equus kiang and Bos grunniens in Altun Mountain Reserve

作　　者：吴娱[1] 董世魁[1] 张相锋[1] 刘颖慧[2] 石建斌[1] 张翔 苏旭坤[1] 王学霞[1] 李媛媛[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院水环境模拟国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学资源学院,北京100875 [3]阿尔金山国家级自然保护区管理局,库尔勒841000

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2014年第3期317-327,共11页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：环保部环保公益项目(No.201209033);国家十二五科技支撑项目(No.2012BAC01B02)

摘　　要：本研究在2012至2013年进行两次调查，采用样带法和样方法在阿尔金山自然保护区东部（37°15′～37°23′N，90°11′～90°20′E）对藏野驴（Equuskiang）、野牦牛（Bosgrunniens）的分布及其栖息地进行调查，共设置3条样线（总长达146．9km）和128个样方。调查发现，藏野驴主要集中于伊协克帕提附近的荒漠草原，而野牦牛的主要栖息地位于沙山附近的阿坝堤坝草场。通过Vanderloeg和Scavia选择系数以及主成分分析，对藏野驴和野牦牛对不同环境因子（包括植被类型、植被盖度、草本种类数、土壤pH、海拔、坡度、坡向、水源）的选择性以及各因子在物种栖息地选择的重要程度进行研究，同时利用独立T检验分析两物种之间的环境变量选择差异性。结果表明，藏野驴倾向选择植被盖度小于70％，坡度2°～5°的南坡，海拔3800～4000m，土壤pH8．0～8．5的高寒荒漠生境；野牦牛则偏好选择植被盖度大于70％，坡度5°～15°的东坡或者北坡，海拔4200～4600m，土壤pH7．0～8．0，与水源距离小于1000m的高寒荒漠草原以及沼泽草甸生境；影响藏野驴生境选择的主要因子为植被类型和坡度，而影响野牦牛生境选择的主要因子是植被盖度；虽然藏野驴和野牦牛在资源利用上存在部分重叠，但它们对栖息地植被盖度、植被高度、海拔和坡度的选择存在显著差异性（P〈0．05）。We made survey on the habitat and its distribution for Equus kiang and Bos grunniens using the transects and quadrat sampling methods in the east part of Altun Mountain Nature Reserve, Xinjiang during 2012 and 2013. The wild survey was conducted by vehicle on three transects with total of length 146.9 km.Habitat characteristics were taken from 128 quadrat whenever target animals were located. We used Vanderloeg and Scavia index and factor analysis methods to analyze the habitat selection for the two species. We compared the habitat selection difference between the two species by Independent-Sample Test. Equus kiang mainly appeared in Yixiekepati desert grassland while B. grunniens preferred to Abadiba meadow grassland. E. kiang preferred habitat was alpine deserts with the following features, vegetation coverage of 〈 70% , slope of 2° - 5 ° , altitude of 3 800 - 4 000 m, and soil pH of 8.0 - 8.5. While B. grunniens preferred the alpine desert steppe or swamp meadow with the following attributes： vegetation coverage 〉 70% , slope of 5° - 15°, altitude 4 200 - 4 600 m, soil pH 7.0 - 8.0. Between the two species, the habitat selection of E. kiang was mainly influenced by vegetation type and slope while B. grunniens was influenced by vegetation coverage. A significant difference was found in habitat selection between the two species in vegetation coverage and height, altitude and slope （P 〈 0.05） although there was partial overlap in resource utilization between them.

关 键 词：藏野驴 野牦牛 栖息地选择 环境因子 阿尔金山自然保护区 

分 类 号：S863[农业科学—野生动物驯养]