矿质元素和有机肥对萝卜产量和“蓝心”率的影响  

Effects of Mineral Elements and Organic Fertilizer on Yield and “blue chip” of Radish

作　　者：吴敬才[1] 陈敏健[1] 李振武[1] 翁伯琦[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院,福建福州350003

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2014年第4期329-333,共5页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家星火计划项目(2011GA720003);福建省农业科学院科技下乡"双百"行动项目(sbmb1302-5)

摘　　要：为保证萝卜产量的同时,又避免萝卜"蓝心"的发生,采用大田试验和不同的储藏方法,研究矿质元素和有机肥不同配施对萝卜产量和"蓝心"问题的影响。结果表明:NPK2(尿素+钙镁磷肥+硫酸钾)+鸡粪处理产量最高,达151.67t·hm-2,显著高于NP(CK)处理;NPK1(尿素+钙镁磷肥+氯化钾)和NPK1+鸡粪处理的萝卜出现"蓝心"率分别为20.0%和16.7%,明显高于未施用氯化钾的处理,且冷藏易诱发萝卜提早出现"蓝心"现象。经土壤样品和植株样品检验萝卜心泛蓝现象属Cu离子和Cl离子含量较高,为此,提出萝卜高产优质栽培模式,即萝卜种植地农家有机肥与氯化钾不要混合施用,钾肥应使用硫酸钾为佳,可采用尿素+钙镁磷肥+硫酸钾+鸡粪的施肥方式。In order to guarantee yield and avoid occurring ＆quot; blue chip＆quot; of radish at the same time , the field experiment and different storage methods were used to study the effects of different mineral elements and organic fertilizer on yield and ＆quot; blue chip＆quot; phenomenon of radish .The results showed that the NPK2 （urea＋ calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer＋ potassium sulfate） ＋ chicken manure treatment gave the highest yield ,151.67 t · hm -2 ,significantly higher than that of NP （CK） treatment .In addition ,the ＆quot; blue chip＆quot; rate of radish of NPK1 （urea＋calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer ＋ potassium chloride） and NPK1 ＋ chicken manure treatment were 20.0% and 16.7% respectively ,and significantly higher than that of the treatment without applying potassium chloride .While refrigerated storage inducing the ＆quot; blue chip＆quot; phenomenon of radish appeared earlier than normal temperature storage .The soil and plant samples analysis showed that the radish section pan-blue phenomenon maybe caused by the radish containing high Cu and Cl ions to form CuCl2 which make radish section in light blue patches . Therefore ,in order to guarantee the high yield and good quality of radish ,avoiding the phenomenon of ＆quot; blue chip＆quot;,suggested that carrot planter don′t mixed application of organic manure and potassium chloride , select potassium sulfate as potassium fertilizer and combination fertilizer ,urea ＋ calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer ＋potassium sulfate ＋ chicken manure ,as fertilizer source for radishs .

关 键 词：萝卜 产量 矿质元素 “蓝心” 

分 类 号：S541[农业科学—作物学]