杀菌剂氰氨化钙对集约经营雷竹林土壤生物学性质的影响  

Effects of calcium cyanamide on soil microbial properties of intensively managed Phyllostachys violascens stands

作　　者：邬奇峰[1] 徐巧凤[1] 秦华[2] 张金林[2] 钱马 钱嘉文[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省临安市农业技术推广中心,浙江临安311300 [2]浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,浙江临安311300

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2014年第3期352-357,共6页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41101243);浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(Y3080337);浙江农林大学科研启动基金资助项目(2007FR041)

摘　　要：为确定氰氨化钙对土壤微生物学性质的影响和合理用量,采用随机区组试验方法进行田间原位试验,研究不同氰氨化钙施用量对退化雷竹Phyllostachys violascens林土壤微生物量碳、真菌/细菌比值以及土壤酶活性的影响.试验设置氰氨化钙施用量0,30,60,90,180 g·m-2,分别在施用后的第1,3,7,14,28天采集0～20 cm土样,测定土壤微生物量以及土壤脱氢酶、转化酶、脲酶、磷酸酶活性.结果表明：①土壤中添加氰氨化钙在短期内对微生物产生强烈抑制,第7天时所有处理均显著低于对照,其后又逐渐恢复,但90 g·m-2及180 g·m-2施用量处理土壤微生物量碳含量在第28天时仍显著低于对照及其他处理（P＜0.05）;②氰氨化钙对土壤真菌的影响大于土壤细菌,土壤真菌/细菌比值随着施用量的增加而显著降低,28 d后60 g·m-2及180 g·m-2施用量处理土壤真细比仍然显著低于对照（P＜0.05）;③施用氰氨化钙在前期显著抑制土壤酶活性,但施用28 d后,土壤脱氢酶、转化酶以及脲酶活性均显著高于对照（P＜0.05）,而磷酸酶活性与对照相比没有显著变化.低施用量氰氨化钙对土壤生物学性质的影响主要为短期效应,180 g·m-施用量对土壤生物学性质的影响较大.在生产上建议采用60～90 g·m-2的施用量.To study the effect of CaCN2 on soil microbial biomass carbon,the ratio of fungal to bacterial biomass,and soil enzyme activities,and to determine the optimum rate of calcium cyanamide （CaCN2）use in Phyllostachys violascens stands with intensive management,an experiment with a randomized complete block design was established.Soil CaCN2 treatments were 0 （control）,30,60,90,and 180 g·m-2,each with three replicates.Soil samples were taken 1,3,7,14,and 28 d after CaCN2 application.One-way ANOVA with Duncan＇s multiple range test was used to compare the difference between samples,and statistical significance was determined at the 5％ level （P＜0.05）.Results indicated that the 90 and 180 g·m-2 CaCN2 treatments had significantly lower （P＜0.05） soil microbial biomass.Other treatments were inhibited in the short term,but recovered gradually.Compared with bacteria,fungi were more sensitive to CaCN2 with the ratio of fungal to bacterial biomass decreasing significantly（P＜0.05）as the CaCN2 rates increased.As with soil microbial biomass,CaCN2 also inhibited soil enzyme activities.Compared to the control,28 d after application of CaCN2,soil dehydrogenase,urease,and invertase activities in each treatment were significantly higher （P ＜ 0.05）; however,phosphatase activity showed no significant differences.Since low dose of CaCN2（30 g·m-2） had only a short-term effect on soil microbial properties and a high dose （180 g·m-2）had a strong influence,application of 60-90 g·m-2（CaCN2） should be recommended in bamboo stands.

关 键 词：土壤学 雷竹林 石灰氮 微生物量碳 真菌 细菌比值 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S714.3[农业科学—林学]