水肥耦合对番茄光合、产量及水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of water-fertilizer coupling on tomato photosynthesis, yield and water use efficiency

作　　者：李建明[1] 潘铜华[1] 王玲慧[1] 杜清洁 常毅博[1] 张大龙[1] 刘媛[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第10期82-90,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目(2011AA100504);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD29B01)

摘　　要：为研究大棚膜下滴灌灌溉上限与施肥量耦合对番茄光合、产量及水分利用效率的影响,以金鹏1号番茄为试材,按照二元二次正交旋转组合设计原理,建立了光合与产量指标的数学模型,分析了水肥两因子的耦合效应。试验结果表明,所建模型达到显著水平;水对光合的影响大于肥,对产量的影响小于肥,水肥对光合和产量的耦合分别存在显著的负效应和正效应;光合速率随灌溉上限的上升表现出明显的上升趋势,超过一定范围后开始下降;不论灌溉上限高低,光合速率均随施肥量的增加表现出先降低后升高的趋势,变化趋势缓慢;番茄的产量随灌溉上限和施肥定额的增加而显著增加,超过一定范围后产量逐渐降低。得出合理的灌溉施肥指标：灌溉下限为田间持水量的50%,灌溉上限为田间持水量的80%-82%,施肥N 313.75-439.75 kg/hm2、P2O5156.55-219.19 kg/hm2、K2O 313.75-439.75 kg/hm2。此时,番茄的产量达到124 t/hm2、水分利用效率达到43.2 kg/m3。Studies on how to improve the photosynthesis rate and yield of tomato, which are mostly affected by water and fertilizer, are receiving more and more attention. However, little is known about the coupling effect of irrigation and fertilizer on tomato’s photosynthesis rate, yield and water use efficiency（WUE）. Our research was to find the best water-fertilizer coupling effects, to reveal the relations between two, and to provide data support for high yield and WUE for tomato production. Randomized block design through quadratic regression orthogonal rotary method with 16 treatments and three replicates was used in this research. The irrigation lower limit was 50% of field capacity, irrigation maximum and fertilizer were divided into 5 levels（60%, 66%, 80%, 94% and 100% of field capacity; N：P2 O5 ：K2 O 125：63：125, 200：100：200, 375：187：375, 550：275：550, 625：313：625 kg/hm2, respectively）. Each block was 7 m×1.2 m with 25 plants; blocks were separated by 50 cm deep plastic film to prevent the cross penetration of water and fertilizer. Tomato Jinpeng 1 seedlings with 5 leaves were transplanted with double rows of 60 cm row spacing and 30 cm plant spacing in plastic tunnel on March 9, 2013 and uprooted on June 20, 2013. Ten days after transplanting, 3 fertigation devices（MixRite-2054, Israel） were used for irrigation through mulched drip irrigation. Soil moisture was monitored using TDR（TDR 300, USA）. When the moisture was lower than the lower limit, drip irrigation was supplied to the corresponding maximum; the drip velocity and time were measured and recorded. Fertilizer of each treatment except P2 O5 was equally supplied for 5 times（before transplanting, the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 6th fruit enlarging period）; P2 O5 was all supplied as base fertilizer before transplanting. The photosynthesis rate was measured with portable photosynthesis systems（Li-6400, LI-COR Biosciences Company, USA） between 9：00-11：00 am on May 30, 2013. The yield and the quantity of water and fert

关 键 词：光合速率 灌溉 模型 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S626.4[农业科学—园艺学]