活性木炭材料及生物耦合炭对植物生长的影响  

Effect of Activated Charcoals and a Coupled Biochar on Growth of Crops

作　　者：余仲东[1] 任争争[2] 彭少兵[1] 张帅[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学理学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《生物质化学工程》2014年第3期1-5,共5页Biomass Chemical Engineering

基　　金：长江学者和创新团队发展计划资助(IRT1035);西北农林科技大学大科技创新项目(QN2013080);校大学生科创项目(2014年)

摘　　要：选用活性石炭、椰壳活性炭和杉木活性炭3种活性木炭与杨凌地区3种不同利用型土壤(农耕土、雪松林下土和桃园土)组合测定生菜种苗萌发情况。然后用筛选出的杉木活性炭与内生细菌Bacillus sp.进行耦合,并测定该耦合炭的制备条件及对小麦生长的影响。结果表明:3种类型的土壤对生菜胚根均有一定的化感抑制作用,活性木炭及活性木炭-土壤交互作用对生菜生长影响差异显著,以杉木活性炭对农耕土和老桃园土改良效果显著,胚轴/胚根净炭作用率分别为178.8%/90.9%、178.9%/106.1%,酸性的活性石炭对雪松林下土生菜胚轴的生长有轻微抑制作用,净炭作用率为-120.7%。在此基础上,筛选出优良杉木活性木炭,并与内生细菌Bacillus sp.在40℃下热耦合30 min,再在27℃恒温培养1 d,获得优良的生物耦合炭。该生物耦合炭有较强的土壤持水能力,对小麦在质量分数为1%的高盐浓度下生长有显著促进作用。1 250 g农耕土,加入3 g耦合炭处理组10 d高度生长促进率最大(37.3%,α=0.05);加入6 g耦合炭处理组20 d生物量促进率最大(18.8%,α=0.05),6 g处理组对小麦生长促进效果最好。Seedlings growth of Chinese lettuce were dated under combination of 3 kinds of activated charcoal and 3 use patterns of soil respectively in Yangling region.An activated fir charcoal was picked up for making coupled biochar with endophytic bacteria,Bacillus sp.,and the coupled fir biochar was further tested in pot planting with winter wheat.Results showed that of three charcoals,activated coal,activated coconut carbon and activated fir charcoal,significantly affected the growth of Chinese lettuce,as well as interactions between charcoal and soil.Fir charcoal showed 178.8% /90.9% and 178.9% /106.1% net carbon rate of promotion on hypocotyl /radicle of lettuce seedlings in agriculture soil and peach orchard soil respectively.Whereas,the acid activated coal showed- 120.7% inhibition net rate to the growth of hypocotyl in the acid soil from Cedar stands.Therefore,fir charcoal was picked up for preparing an innovative biocharcoal by coupling with endophytic bacteria Bacillus sp.under 40 ℃ for30 min,and then incubated at 27 ℃ for 1 d.The coupled biochar was found with potential function for growth of wheat stressed in 1% salt soil.The coupled mixture can improve the water holding capacity of soil.Seedlings in the group with combination of3 g coupled fir charcoal and 1 250 g agriculture soil significantly promoted height rate at 37.3%（ α = 0.05） in 10 d,and the promoted biomass rate in the group with combination of 6 g coupled fir charcoal and 1 250 g agriculture soil were 18.8%（ α =0.05） in 20 d.The latter was thought to be the optimal dosage in the tested groups for winter wheat with good height promotion and biomass promotion.

关 键 词：活性木炭 生物耦合炭 生菜 小麦 

分 类 号：S636.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]