大熊猫重引入候选地华蓥山的初步调查  

Preliminary Survey for the Giant Panda Reintroduce to Huayingshan

作　　者：张明春[1] 黄金燕[1] 黄炎[1] 刘巅[1] 谢浩[1] 李德生[1] 张贵权[1] 王鹏彦[1] 周小平[1] 钟义 张和民[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国保护大熊猫研究中心,四川汶川623006 [2]中国野生动物保护协会,北京100714

出　　处：《四川动物》2014年第3期376-380,共5页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：大熊猫国际合作资金项目(SD1115)

摘　　要：保护珍稀濒危物种主要有就地保护和迁地保护两种形式,在圈养大熊猫种群数量增长,基本能够实现种群自我维持的情况下,迁地保护有必要进一步进入到放归这一阶段,以复壮野生小种群或扩大大熊猫的分布范围。为野化培训成功的大熊猫选择适宜的栖息地,无疑是提高放归成功率的一项重要内容。对华蓥山大熊猫预选放归栖息地的考察结果表明:当地有可食竹资源达53万吨,年净增生物量约9.9万吨,当地政府和民众极力支持大熊猫回归华蓥山,以及其地形条件便于放归后的监测等有利条件;也有人为干扰较严重、个别地区水源距离较远、植被单一,以及犬细小病毒感染率较高等通过建立自然保护区等人工干预措施可以逐步缓解的问题;还有夏季气温较高、生境质量与野生大熊猫栖息地差异较大等对大熊猫影响程度未知的因素。所以在华蓥山开展大熊猫种群重引入的工作具有一定的挑战性,需要在整个过程中加强监测和科学研究。exsitu conservation is one of the most important approaches to save the endangered species. When the popula- tion size of captive giant panda increase steadily and can be sustained by themselves, some of them should be released to the wild to rescue small isolated populations and enlarge the distribution areas. Importantly, the first step is to find a suitable habitat for them. Huayingshan is the historical distribution area of giant panda and the fossil of A. melanoleuca baconi was found in 1993. Plentiful food resources （530 kiloton bamboos and increased 99 kiloton every year） of giant panda was ob- served in this area which are enough for a small population. The government and villagers greatly support the project that sending giant panda back to Huayingshan, and the gentler slope of which will make monitoring work easier to perform. How- ever, the human activity＇s interference was significant in this area, and some places are far from water resources, the vegetation type is less, and infection rate of the canine parvovirus was high. These questions can be solved after the reserve was built. In another side, the temperature is high in summer, and the qualities of habitats are different from the giant panda＇ s natural habitat, in addition to the undetected impacts on the releasing of giant panda several works （ e. g. wireless monitor） should be taken throughout all steps of the reintroduction to promote the giant panda inhabit in Huayingshan.

关 键 词：迁地保护 放归栖息地 竹子生物量 水源 人为干扰 

分 类 号：S863[农业科学—野生动物驯养]