山西芦芽山自然保护区岩燕的迁徙和繁殖研究  

Migration and Breeding of Eurasian Crag Martin in Shanxi Luyashan Nature Reserve

作　　者：赵爱生 

机构地区：[1]山西管涔山国有林管理局马家庄林场,宁武036707

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2014年第2期200-204,共5页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

摘　　要：2010～ 2012年4～11月,在山西芦芽山自然保护区对岩燕种群的迁徙、繁殖和生活习性进行了观察研究.结果表明：岩燕在本区为夏候鸟,最早迁入本区为4月28日,最晚迁出为11月2日.岩燕在本区的季节迁徙年间相差2～3d,居留期相对稳定.繁殖前遇见率为1.5只/km,繁殖后遇见率为2.1只/km.繁殖期为5～7月,最早营巢期为5月17日,大量岩燕的营巢时间为5月下旬.巢营于临近河流、湿地附近的岩壁和土崖洞穴中.雌雄鸟共同营巢,营巢期8～9d.巢呈碗状,以少量细草茎叶为框架,由大量苔藓、地衣、泥土和唾液浇筑而成,十分结实和精致.筑好巢后1～2d开始产卵,最早产卵期为5月28日,日产1枚,窝卵数3～5枚,产齐卵的第二天开始孵卵,孵卵由雌鸟承担,孵化期14 ～ 15 d,孵化率为93.3％.巢内育雏期19 ～20 d,雌雄鸟共同育雏.此研究结果对自然保护区开展鸟类资源监测和科学保护提供一定依据.岩燕主要以昆虫为食,特别是在育雏时期,亲鸟喂育幼鸟的食物全部为昆虫类,所以岩燕对湿地周围的农林生产很有好处,应予以保护.The reproduction, migration and life habits of Eurasian crag martin（ Ptyonoprogne rupestris） were investigated during April- September from 2010 to 2012 in Shanxi Luyashan Nature Reserve. Eurasian crag martin is a summer resident in this reserve, arriving earliest on 28th April and departing latest on 2nd November. Seasonal migration time difference of crag martin was 1 to 2 days, with relatively stable periods of residence. Before breeding, the encounter rate was 1.5 bird/km, and after breeding was 2. 1 bird/km. Breeding season occurred between May and July, the earliest nest was found on 17th May, but most nesting started in late May. Nests were built in holes in rock faces or soil cliffs near rivers or other wetlands. Males and females cooperated in nest building, which spanned 8 - 9 days. Nests were bowl - shaped with small amounts of fine grass stems and leaves as the framework and large quantities of mosses, lichens, soil and saliva as filling material. Nests were strong yet delicate. Egg laying began 1 to 2 days after completion of the nest. The earliest laying was recorded on 28th May. One egg was laid per day with a final clutch size of 3 to 5 eggs. Brooding began the day after all eggs were laid. The incubation period lasted for 14 - 15 days with a hatching rate of 93. 3%. Nestling care extended for 19 -20 days and was shared by both male and female. Our results provide a basis for resource monitoring and scientific protection of birds in the nature reserve. Martins mainly feed on insects, especially in the brood period： nestlings were only fed insects by parents. We should protect martins because they are qood for production of aqriculture and forestry around wetlands.

关 键 词：岩燕 迁徙 繁殖研究 山西芦芽山自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q959.7[生物学—动物学]