中国野生麋鹿种群的恢复与保护研究  

Research on Recovery and Conservation of Wild Pere David's Deer Population in China

作　　者：丁玉华[1] 任义军[1] 温华军 李鹏飞 高大立 常青[4] 

机构地区：[1]江苏大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区,大丰224136 [2]湖北石首麋鹿国家级自然保护区,石首434400 [3]湖南东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区,岳阳414000 [4]南京师范大学,南京210023

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2014年第2期228-233,共6页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：江苏省林业三项工程项目(lysx[2011]09);国家林业局林业公益性行业科研专项([201004091])

摘　　要：由于人类活动、自然气候变化、动物自身等因素,导致中国特有的野生麋鹿种群于19世纪初叶在本土上灭绝。20世纪90年代,通过人类的保护活动,开始将麋鹿在原生地恢复野生种群。野生麋鹿走过了引种扩群、半散养行为再塑、放归自然3个阶段。经过14 a的艰辛努力,人们有计划地实施糜鹿野生放归和自由走出围栏形成野生种群,取得了较好的业绩。目前,中国已拥有大丰野生麇鹿群、石首野生糜鹿群、洞庭湖野生麋鹿群3大野生种群,麋鹿在野外经历了3个繁殖周期,野生麋鹿子三代(F_3)已变为现实。截至2012年,中国野生麋鹿总数约为476头,其中石首占45.16%、大丰占41.18%、洞庭湖占13.66%。研究认为野生麋鹿种群的恢复与保护应继续做好4点:一是选择适生地放养麋鹿;二是保护野生麋鹿种群,首先应保护其栖息地;三是降低人为对野生麋鹿种群及其栖息地的干扰强度;四是加强巡护、宣传,让公众参与保护。Pere David＇s Deer （ Elaphurus davidianus）, a special species of China, has been extinct in China since the early 19th century due to human activities, changes of climate, and some other reasons. From the 1990s, people took some protection meansures to reintroduce the species to its native range in China. Successful reintroduction of a wild Pere David＇s deer population must progress through three stages., reintroduction and extension, semi- free- range behavior remodeling, and releasing to the wild. After 14 years of effort, we achieved reintroduction of Pere David＇s deer outside of fenced enclosures and into free - ranging populations. At present, there are three wild Pere David＇s deer populations in China at Dafeng, Shishou, and Dongting Lake. Pere David＇s deer has experienced three reproductive cycles in the wild, and has generated the third filial generation（ F3 ）. Through 20]2, the total number of wild Pere David＇s deer in China totaled 476, of which Shishou accounted for 45%, Dafeng accounted for 41% and Dongting Lake accounted for 14%. We make four recommendations for restoration and protection of wild Pere David＇s deer= （ i ）select the appropriate habitat for Pere David＇s deer; （ ii ）protect the habitat of wild Pere David＇s deer; （iii）reduce the intensity of human disturbance to wild Pere David＇s deer; and（iV） strengthen the management of patrol, publicity, and public participation.

关 键 词：野生麋鹿 恢复种群 保护栖息地 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]