广西茅尾海牡蛎天然种苗种类鉴定和群体组成的初步分析  

Species identification species group structure analysis of the common oysters from the Maowei sea in Guangxi

作　　者：钟方杰[1,2] 严雪瑜[1] 高扬[1] 蒋钦杨[1] 贾峥[1] 李琼珍[2] 李文红[1] 陈琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西大学动物科学技术学院,广西南宁530004 [2]广西水产研究所,广西南宁530021

出　　处：《海洋科学》2014年第3期91-97,共7页Marine Sciences

基　　金：广西科技攻关项目(桂科攻13470002-1);广西科技攻关项目(桂科攻11107012-2);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项;广西硕士研究生科研创新项目;广西高校大学生创新计划项目

摘　　要：了解广西茅尾海牡蛎种质资源现状,有助于提高牡蛎采苗效果。通过在茅尾海采集常见5种牡蛎成体,并在牡蛎不同繁殖高峰期分别采集牡蛎D型幼虫DⅠ、DⅡ,在不同附着期分别采集牡蛎幼苗MⅠ、MⅡ、MⅢ,采用多重PCR技术对牡蛎成体、稚贝及幼虫进行种类鉴定。香港巨牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)在茅尾海牡蛎稚贝和幼虫高峰期均属于优势种;稚贝中香港巨牡蛎、有明巨牡蛎(Crassostrea ariakensis)和熊本牡蛎(Crassostrea sikamea)3个种类的平均比例分别为88.3%、6.7%和5.0%,香港巨牡蛎与熊本牡蛎、有名巨牡蛎相比差异显著(P<0.05),熊本牡蛎与有明巨牡蛎差异不显著(P>0.05)。香港巨牡蛎是茅尾海牡蛎优势种,7月12日之前投放采苗器可采集到数量多、种类单一的香港巨牡蛎。7月12日之后投放采苗器,附着的稚贝中有明巨牡蛎和熊本牡蛎比例增加,影响采苗效果及养殖生产。The present study was conducted to learn the germplasm resource situation of oyster larvaes and juveniles in Guangxi Maowei Sea, to improve the efficiency of oysters collecting. Five common oyster adults were collected from Maowei Sea, Two types of oyster D type larvae, named DⅠand DⅡwere collected during different breeding peaks of mature oysters. Three types of oyster juvenile, named MⅠ, MⅡand MⅢ were collected, during different attachment periods. Multiple PCR technology was used to identify the species of the oyster adults, juvenile and larvae. C.hongkongensis was the dominant species in breeding peaks of both mature oysters and oyster juvenile. The average proportion was 88.3%, 6.7% and 5% for C.hongkongensis, C. ariakensis and C.sikamea respectively in oyster juvenile. The quantity of C.hongkongensis was significant higher than that of C.sikamea and C. ariakensis（P＆lt;0.05）. There was no significant difference between C.sikamea and C. ariakensis（P＆gt;0.05）. C.hongkongensis was the dominant oyster in Maowei sea. In order to collect numerous C.hongkongensis with single species, oyster collectors should be placed before July 12. Otherwise, the proportion of oyster juvenile which adheres C. ariakensis and C.sikamea would increase, which would influence the collection and aquaculture production of Oyster.

关 键 词：茅尾海 牡蛎稚贝 D型幼虫 多重PCR COⅠ基因 

分 类 号：S93[农业科学—渔业资源]