琼海市2012-2013年狂犬病暴露人群流行病学分析  

Epidemiological analysis of rabies-exposed population in Qionghai City from 2012 to 2013

作　　者：周兴洋[1] 马涛[1] 刘金[1] 王祚钧 庞春苡 

机构地区：[1]琼海市疾病预防控制中心,海南琼海571400

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2014年第4期483-485,共3页China Tropical Medicine

摘　　要：目的通过对琼海市狂犬病暴露人群进行流行病学分析,掌握暴露人群的流行特征,为狂犬病预防控制提供依据。方法收集琼海市2012-2013年狂犬病暴露处置门诊登记的7 393例狂犬病暴露者流行病学资料,用描述流行病学方法分析。结果琼海市2012-2013年共发生狂犬病暴露者7 393例,年暴露率分别为793/10万、710/10万,年均暴露率为752/10万。暴露者以农村居多,农村与城市之比为4.01：1;农村与城乡结合部之比为2.67：1。男性多于女性,15岁以下儿童最多,占23.35%,其中5岁以下儿童占8.78%;其次为45-59岁组,占23.10%;各月均有暴露者发生,为6-10月高峰,占46.46%;主要的伤人动物为犬,占68.78%,其中自养犬占37.78%,其次是鼠伤占16.45%;露部位最多为下肢占44.08%（3269/7419）,其次为手部占28.09%（2 083/7 419）;暴露后到狂犬病暴露处置门诊处理占82.39%;暴露者中Ⅲ级暴露者4704例,占63.63%,使用人源免疫球蛋白434例,仅占9.23%,狂犬疫苗未全程接种者占30.06%。结论琼海市人群对狂犬病的防控知识尚还缺乏,暴露后伤口未处理、疫苗全程接种率低、Ⅲ级暴露后抗狂犬病血清使用率极低,存在极大发病风险。建议加强狂犬病科普知识的宣传,并将抗狂犬病血清纳入农村医保,以降低暴露者的发病率。Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of population exposed to rabies in Qionghai City. Methods The data of 7 393 cases exposed to rabies in rabies-clinics during 2012-2013 were collected and analyzed bydescriptive epidemiology method. Results The annual incidence in 2012 and 2013 in Qinghai City was 793/100 000 and710/100 000 with its annual average incidence of 752/100 000. The ratio of rural and urban was 4.01：1 and the ratio of ruraland rural-urban fringe zone was 2.67：1. The ratio of male and female was 1.24：1. Children aged under 15 accounted for23.35%, children aged under 5 years（ 8.78%）, patient aged 45-59 being 23.10%. The cases were distributed in every monthbut concentrated on the period from June to October（46.46%）.Patients bitten by dogs were 68.78%, by domestic dogs 37.78%and by mice 16.45%. Most of exposure part were legs（44.08%, 3269/7419） and hands（28.09%, 2 083/7 419）. Post-exposuretreatment in clinic accounted for 82.39%, rabies exposure in Grade III was 63.63%, 434 cases received human rabiesimmunoglobulin（9.23%）, 30.06% cases were not given full vaccination after exposure. Conclusions The population inQinghai City lacked the self-protection awareness of rabies knowledge such as untreated wounds after exposure and lowinoculation rate, low rate of rabies antiserum among patients with Grade III. Therefore, the propaganda of prevention andcontrol of rabies be strengthened and rabies antiserum be included in rural medical insurance.

关 键 词：狂犬病 人用狂犬疫苗 暴露 流行病学 

分 类 号：R512.99[医药卫生—内科学]