传染病医院医务人员职业暴露原因及防护对策  

The cause and prevention on occupational exposure of medical personnel in contagious hospital

作　　者：陈新丽[1] 刘卫华[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉市医疗救治中心医务科,武汉市430023

出　　处：《中华实验和临床感染病杂志（电子版）》2014年第2期101-103,共3页Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition)

摘　　要：目的分析传染病医院医务人员发生职业暴露的原因并制定相应的防护对策。方法通过调查和整理本院2009年1月至2013年10月上报院感科的《医务人员职业暴露报告卡》资料,对医务人员发生血液传播性疾病职业暴露的相关因素进行分析,提出针对性的防护措施。结果本研究共发生血液传播性疾病职业暴露13人,其中针刺伤11人(84.6%)、皮肤暴露1人(7.7%)、黏膜暴露1人(7.7%)。暴露人员护士为主(84.6%),其次是医技人员(15.4%)。暴露源9人为艾滋病,2人为丙型肝炎,1人为乙型肝炎;9人进行了药物干预,其中6人为艾滋病预防性用药。13人全程跟踪随访,职业暴露无一人感染。结论医务人员发生职业暴露具有一定的危险性,而在传染病医院发生职业暴露,更易感染血源性传染病,故预防尤为重要。加强医务人员职业暴露防护知识的培训,规范操作行为,纠正个体操作手法缺陷,及时更新有效的防护用品、设施,可预防职业暴露的危险。Objective To investigate the cause and prevention measures to occupational exposure of doctors and nurses in contagious hospital. Methods A statistics of“report card of occupational exposure on medical personnel” was made from January 2009 to October 2013 in our hospital. The reasons of occupational exposure to blood-borne diseases have been analyzed from the data. So the preventive actions were suggested. Results Total of 13 exposure cases to blood-borne diseases had been found in doctors and nurses. There were 11 （84.6%） cases of them were needle injury, one （7.7%） case was skin exposure and one （7.7%） case was mucosal exposure. Most cases （84.6%） of the personnel were nurses, others were technicians （15.4%）. Among all the cases, 9 of them were exposure to HIV, 2 cases were to hepatitis C and one was to hepatitis B. In all these cases, 9 cases had been given access to medicine. There were 6 cases had used the drugs for HIV prevention. The whole process follow up to the 13 cases showed that no one has been injured from occupational exposure. Conclusions There were certain risks to occupational exposure in doctors and nurses, especially the exposure to blood-borne diseases in contagious hospital. Preventive actions, including the better training on medical personnel to occupational exposure, making the specification operation, correcting the defect on operation skills, replacing effectively protective equipment in time, are all important measures to reduce the risk of occupational exposure.

关 键 词：医务人员 职业暴露 预防 

分 类 号：R197.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]