牧草品种与施肥对干旱区弃耕地土壤理化性质的影响  

Effects of Different Forage Species and Fertilizer on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Abandoned Land of Arid Area

作　　者：苏德喜 贾倩民[2] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏平罗县林业局,宁夏平罗753400 [2]西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《北方园艺》2014年第11期153-157,共5页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2011BAC07B03)

摘　　要：以宁夏盐池干旱区弃耕地为研究对象,通过正交设计L18(61×36)进行人工草地建植试验,研究了不同牧草品种、施肥量及秸秆还田量对弃耕地土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:4个因素中牧草品种对土壤含水量、全盐及pH值影响极显著(P<0.01),有机肥对土壤含水量、容重、pH值、全盐及有机质含量的影响极显著(P<0.01),秸秆对土壤含水量、容重和全盐的影响显著(P<0.05),NPK对pH值的影响显著(P<0.05);禾本科牧草改善土壤含水量和容重的效果强于豆科,而提高土壤有机质的效果较弱;提高土壤含水量,降低土壤容重、全盐及pH值的最佳方案为圆柱披碱草(Elymus cylindricus Franch.)+有机肥36t/hm2+NPK(N 275kg/hm2、P225kg/hm2、K 225kg/hm2)+秸秆渣10t/hm2;增加土壤有机质含量的最佳方案为黄花草木樨(Melilotus offcinalia)+有机肥36t/hm2+NPK(N 165kg/hm2、P 135kg/hm2和K 135kg/hm2)+秸秆渣10t/hm2。Taking abandoned land of arid area in Yanchi of Ningxia as research object, by L18 （6^1× 3^6） orthogonal design of artificial pasture planting test, the effects of different forage species, fertilizer and straw returning amount on soil physicochemical properties of abandoned land were studied. The results showed that the optimal combination of soil moisture content, soil bulk density, pH and total salt was Elymus cylindricus Franch. ＋ organic manure 36 t/hm^2 ＋ NPK （N 275 kg/hm^2, P 225 kg/hm^2and K 225 kg/hm^2 ）＋ straw 10 t/hm^2. The combination was consistent with treatment 17 which had the highest soil moisture content and lowest soil bulk density, pH and total salt. At the same time proved that using the orthogonal test was reliable for the establishment of artificial pasture. The optimal combination of soil organic matter was Melilotus offcinalia＋organic manure 36 t/hm^2 ＋NPK （N 165 kg/hm^2 , P 135 kg/ hm^2 and K 135 kg/hm^2 ）＋ straw 10 t/hm^2. The combination was consistent with test 15 which had the highest soil organic matter. The effect of varieties on soil moisture content, pH and total salt were significant （P〈0. 01）, organic fertilizer on soil moisture content, soil bulk density, pH, total salt and soil organic matter were significant （P〈0. 01）, straw on soil moisture content, soil bulk density and total salt were significant （P〈0. 05）, NPK on soil pH was significantly （P〈0.05）. Gramineous pastures conserve water and reduce soil bulk density was stronger than the effect of legume but the soil organic matter was weaker.

关 键 词：干旱区 人工草地 施肥 土壤理化性质 弃耕地 

分 类 号：S156.5[农业科学—土壤学]