论《三国志演义》之行文“重复”及其叙事效果  

On “Repetition” and Its Narrative Effect in Romance of the Three Kingdoms

作　　者：李桂奎[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学人文学院,上海200433

出　　处：《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》2014年第3期82-93,共12页Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部2012年"新世纪优秀人才支持计划"项目(NCET-12-0905)

摘　　要：《三国志演义》不仅与秦汉以来的史传文学发生先后文本互涉,而且还在其文本内部形成难以计数的大量"重复"。这些纷呈迭现的行文"重复",大略可分为言语、修辞格等层面的"叙述用语重复"和事件或场景等层面的"所叙故事重复"两种形态。前者多用以叙述瞬间之事,后者多用以叙述时空跨度较大之事。除了不断地重申某些信念或伦理道德,小说还不断地"提起前事",制造一系列"重复",从而建立起眼前事与往事的逻辑联系,不仅增强了小说结构的严谨细密,而且增添了多种附加涵义。同时,在这部经典小说中,"关合"、"映照"性的行文"重复"不仅呼应了传统"前伏后应"叙事之道,而且带有反讽等修辞色彩。另外,行文"重复"具有"老生常谈"性质,令人感到似曾相识而又似是而非。作者善于把惊天动地的历史事件及英雄人物悲剧的发生归因于惩罚家人或下属,并善于抓住人物的个性化相貌以及日常生活大做文章,形成"祸起萧墙"、"饮酒误事"等行文"重复"系列。从创作心态看,无论是作者"津津乐道"或"念念不忘",还是"敝帚自珍",各式"重复"大多旨在创造某种"熟悉化"审美妙致。The Romance of the Three Kingdoms not only has intertextual relationship with the historical lit-erature of the Qin and Han dynasties, hut also contains many “repetitions” in the text. These repetitions can be roughly categorized into two types ： “rhetoric repetition,” or the repetition of words and rhetorical devices ; and “repetition of stories, ” or the recapitulation of certain events and scenes. The former is mostly seen in nar- rating things happened at certain moments, and the latter in narrating events and scenes spanning over time and space. Apart from restating certain beliefs and ethic norms, the novel also creates ＂repetitions＂ by arranging the characters to ＂recall previous events＂, thus linking up the present and the past. Such a technique ensures the coherence and unity of the novel, and also adds layers of meanings to the text. As a rhetorical technique in narration, “repetition” alludes to an earlier episode or further develops a story line, which coincides with the practice of traditional narrative strategy of foreshadowing and echoing. It not only achieves certain rhetorical effect, such as irony, but also evokes feelings of deja-vu through the textual “repetition”. The author often suggests ingeniously that the heroes＇ effort to punish their family members or the subordinates give rise to some major historical events and lead to their own tragic suffering. The author is good at describing the characters＇ appearance and their everyday life. Through these rich details, the author repeatedly insinuates such morals as “disasters often coming from within” and “drinking getting you in trouble”. In terms of the psychology of liter- ary creation, the author makes these repetitions either because he relished them or because these stories kept haunting him. Anyway, “repetitions” in the novel invariably produce an aesthetic beauty of familiarization.

关 键 词：重复 修辞功能 前伏后应 旧事重提 衍生意蕴 “熟悉化”审美 

分 类 号：I206[文学—中国文学]