薄壳山核桃开花特征与可授性研究  

Flowering morphological characteristics,pollen viability and stigma receptivity of Carya illinoinensis

作　　者：张瑞[1] 李晖[1] 彭方仁[1] 郝明灼[1] 翟敏 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院,江苏南京210037 [2]南京绿宙薄壳山核桃科技有限公司,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第3期50-54,共5页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项项目(201304711);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

摘　　要：以9个薄壳山核桃优良品种为试材，采用数码照相、液体培养基法、联苯胺-过氧化氢测试等技术手段，分析不同薄壳山核桃品种的雌雄花特征，并测定了花粉活力和柱头可授性。结果表明：雄花在第Ⅴ阶段，即苞片与花轴间夹角为90°且花药变黄时为花粉采集的最佳时机，其中‘波尼’平均花粉活力最强；‘马汉’等品种柱头可授性从V字期起至倒八字初期（柱头开裂角度＞90°）逐渐增强，最强可授性可持续2～3 d；‘波尼’等品种柱头开裂角度较小，初开期即具可授性并逐渐增强至V字期（柱头开裂角度15°～90°），最强可授性可持续2～3 d；各品种柱头出现黑点时可授性丧失。该试验中，‘波尼’的散粉期与‘马汉’的可授期重叠时间最长，是较好的授粉配置品种。During classified flowering period of nine excellent pecan （ Carya illinoinensis ） cultivars, flower morphological characteristics, pollen viability and stigma receptivity were measured by taking digital photos, in vitro ger-mination method and benzidine-H2 O2 testing. The results showed that optimal period for pollens collection was “stageⅤ” when the angle between bracts and catkin rachises were about 90° and anthers turned yellow. Among the tested cul-tivars,‘Pawnee’ had the highest pollen viability. For the pollen collection, some cultivars like‘Mahan’ was collected more easily when the open angles of stigmas from 90° turned to more than 90°, other cultivars like“Pawnee” had recep-tivity from the beginning when stigmas started open and got better when open angles got bigger from 15° to 90° , which were relatively smaller than the fomer. The optimal receptivity time for all cultivars were only lasted 2-3 days. Receptivi-ty would lost when black spots appeared on the stigmas. Pollen spreading time of‘Pawnee’ overlaid with best stigma re-ceptivity time of ‘Mahan’ , and the pollination time of ‘Pawnee’ and ‘Mahan’ was longer than others, so they were suggested to be optimal pollination cultivars.

关 键 词：薄壳山核桃 开花特征 花粉活力 柱头可授性 

分 类 号：Q944.44[生物学—植物学]