诺思悖论:西汉王朝专制主义发展对产权结构的影响  

North Paradox: How Despotism of Western Han Dynasty Affects the Property Rights Structure

作　　者：刘明宇[1] 芮明杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学管理学院,副教授上海200433

出　　处：《学术月刊》2014年第6期78-86,共9页Academic Monthly

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"现代产业体系发展的理论与政策研究"(11&ZD142);国家社科基金重点项目"政府主导产业链;供应链和价值链重组以推动产业结构调整优化战略的路径与政策创新研究"(10AZD006);国家自然科学基金项目"中国农地流转市场的纵向结构与农民交换权利研究:理论模型与政策设计"(70973024)的阶段性成果〕

摘　　要：在封建专制主义的权力垄断下,诺思悖论的表现方式和作用机制存在明显差异:为了维护统治,统治集团会形成歧视性的产权结构;争夺国家治理权处于比经济效率更优先的地位;国家有动机直接通过剥夺进行利益的再分配。西汉初期自由放任的经济实践和相对平等的产权结构产生了良好的经济绩效。随着西汉王朝专制主义中央集权的建立,经济上建立了重农抑商的歧视性产权安排,并通过官营垄断剥夺了民间的经营自主权,以行政效率替代了经济效率。自由放任的经济实践趋于终结,并在王莽时期走向国家干预和产权侵害的极端。西汉王朝的这段历史说明,由于存在交易成本,在不同利益集团的博弈格局下,产权安排不可避免地陷入囚徒困境,有利于长期繁荣的制度不会被选择。The way and the mechanism of action of North paradox exists significant differences under monopoly of despotism：In order to preserve their dominance, dominance hierarchies may produce discriminatory property rights structure, sometime also trespass property rights directly. Liberalistic practice of Western Han Dynasty and equal property rights structure produces good performance. But Western Han Dynasty constitutes discriminatory property rights structure and adopts state-owned and monopolistic policy to acquire administrative efficiency instead of economic efficiency by despotism of centralization. Liberalistic practice is over and at last state intervention and trespass property rights go to extremes in Wangmang Dynasty. The history of Western Han Dynasty explains that the property rights arrangement inevitably falls into prisoners＇ dilemma due to transaction cost and games of interest group, and the country does not choosc the best choicc of prosperity. Under monopoly of despotism country can take away possessions by power despite which can destroy the economic prosperity. Long time prosperity needs efficiency property right structure by restricting the state power.

关 键 词：制度变迁 产权 国家干预 诺思悖论 专制主义 

分 类 号：F09[经济管理—政治经济学]