拔节期不同施氮量对夏玉米产量及产量构成因素的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Amount at Jointing Stage on Yield and Its Components of Summer Maize( Zea mays L. )

作　　者：邵珠海[1] 

机构地区：[1]菏泽学院资源与环境系,山东菏泽274000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2014年第17期5393-5395,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：[目的]在玉米（Zea mays L．）拔节期施用不同量氮肥，研究玉米产量与产量构成因素，以提高玉米产量。[方法]试验于2012年6～11月在菏泽学院农场进行。拔节期玉米氮肥施用量分别为O、20、45kg／hm2，测定玉米茎部性状、穗部性状和干物质质量，分析夏玉米收获指数。找到既适合夏玉米生长又能够降低生产成本的氮素施用量区间。[结果]氮肥施用量并不是越多越好，施用量过多不仅会减小茎粗，降低玉米抗倒伏能力，减少叶干重，从而影响产量，而且会增加玉米生产成本。从产量因素和经济效益角度考虑，拔节期夏玉米氮肥施用量在20～45kg／hm2时，既有利于提高玉米产量，又能够降低玉米生产成本。[结论]菏泽地区，玉米拔节期氮肥适宜施用量为20～45kg／hm2。[ Objective ] The aim was to apply different amount of nitrogen on maize at jointing stage to study its yield and its components, then to improve its yield. [ Method] The test was conducted at Heze College in June- November, 2012. The nitrogen application amount at jointing stage was 0, 20, 45 kg/hm2, resp. , the stem traits, spike traits and dry matter weight of maize were determined, and the harvest index of sum- mer maize was analyzed, to find out the suitable nitrogen application amount range which not only was suitable for summer maize growth but also decreased the production cost. [ Result] The nitrogen application amount was not the more the better, the excessive nitrogen not only reduced the stem diameter, decreased resistance to lodging of maize, cut down the dry leaf weight, then influenced its yield, but also increased its production cost. Considering from yield factors and economic benefits of summer maize, 20- 45 kg/hm2- nitrogen application amount at jointing stage not on- ly improved maize yield, but also decreased its production cost. [ Conclusion] The suitable nitrogen application amount of maize at jointing stage was 20- 45 kg/hm2 in Heze Area.

关 键 词：氮素施用量 玉米 拔节期 产量因素 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]