南疆滴灌条件下复播玉米冠层内温光特征分析  

Characteristics of Temperature and Light in Canopy of Multiple Cropping Corn under Drip Irrigation Condition

作　　者：王冀川[1,2] 徐雅丽[2] 阿皮旦木.达吾提 高山[2] 王璞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100193 [2]塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《玉米科学》2014年第3期109-114,120,共7页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：农业部公益性行业专项(201203031);兵团青年科技创新资金专项(2013CB019);塔里木大学大学生创新性实验计划项目(TDZGCX09033)

摘　　要：对南疆特定干旱气候条件下滴灌和漫灌的复播玉米冠层内温、湿度变化及光分布状况进行研究。结果表明，扬花期冠层内温度、光截获率在下午14：00时达最高，且相对湿度达最低，其日平均温度为30．0℃～31．9℃，日平均相对湿度为40．9％左右，群体平均光截获率为43．3％～46．1％。与漫灌相比，滴灌能提高复播玉米群体的相对湿度和光截获率，降低冠层温度和表层土壤温度，“平抑”地温，这种效应在生育后期更加明显。在灌浆期，滴灌处理群体平均温度较漫灌处理低1．05℃，相对湿度高4．63个百分点，光截获率高11．1个百分点。滴灌改善了复播玉米群体内温、湿度和光分布条件，增强长势，产量较漫灌提高14．95％，生育期推迟5d左右，在生产中应注意早播或选用早熟品种，以免影响成熟。The characteristics of temperature, humidity and light distribution in multiple cropping corn canopy under flood irrigation and drip irrigation conditions in South Xinjiang were studied. The results showed that, at flower- ing stage, the canopy temperature, light interception rate were highest and the canopy relative humidity was the lowest at 14：00. The daily average temperature, relative humidity and light interception rate were 30.0℃ - 31.9℃, 40.9% and 43.3% - 46.1% respectively. Compare with flood irrigation, dripping irrigation could improve relative humidity and light interception rate, lower canopy temperature and stabilize soil temperature of summer corn populations. This effect was more pronounced in the late growth stage. At filling stage, the average temperature, relative humidity and light interception rate in drip irrigation treatment were 1.05 ℃, 4.63 percentage points and 11.1 percentage points higher than that＇s of in flood irrigation treatment respectively. Drip irrigation improved temperature, humidity and light distribution conditions of re-sowing corn populations, and promoted its growing, which leaded to a higher yield of 14.95% but a longer growth period of 5 days than flood irrigation, so in actual production, it should be noted to sow as early as possible or use the early maturing varieties to avoid affecting mature.

关 键 词：玉米 滴灌 冠层 温光特性 南疆 

分 类 号：S566.3[农业科学—作物学]