晋侯墓地的性别考察  

On the Gender of the Marquis of Jin State Cemetery

作　　者：耿超[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学博士后流动站,北京100048 [2]河北大学历史学院,河北保定071002

出　　处：《中原文物》2014年第3期36-43,84,共9页Cultural Relics of Central China

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目"商周合葬墓的考古学研究"(编号2013M540984);河北省高等学校人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"周代合葬墓的考古学研究"(编号SQ134001);北京市博士后科研活动经费资助项目"两周合葬礼俗变迁与社会结构演进"的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：晋侯墓地中,历代晋侯与夫人均采用了"异穴合葬"的埋葬方式,除表明严格的一夫一妻制已确立外,也凸显了作为嫡妻的夫人与晋侯一样,拥有超越其他社会成员的权力与地位,是夫妇关系强化的重要表征。每组晋侯与夫人的墓葬中诸多方面都是大致相同的,尤其是异穴合葬双方的葬式、墓葬的朝向等都达到了近乎惊人的一致,可见埋葬者是把他们作为一个整体来看待的,这是夫妇二位一体性别观念在墓葬制度中的真实反映。而晋侯与夫人墓中随葬品等方面的差异则体现了贵族阶层夫妇间的性别等差。In the graveyards, it is general that each Marquise of Jin was buried together with his wife but in different graves while in one big tomb, which indicates not only the establishment of the strict monogamy, but also that the lady, as the formal wife of Marquise of Jin, occupied power and status which is high over than the others in the same society. And this is also the important characteristic of the binding intensification of the man and the wife. In each couple＇ s tombs, there are multiple similarities in many aspects, especially the bur- ial mode and the tombs＇ direction which were almost the same. Therefore, the buriers took them as a whole into account, which reflects undoubtedly the gender idea of couple duality in the burial systems. While differ- ences between the man and the wife on the grave goods, etc. indicates the unequal statues inside the noble couples.

关 键 词：晋侯 异穴合葬 夫妇关系 性别等差 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]