利簋为成王世作器考证  

On the Bronze Gui Vessel Made by Li in the Period of King Cheng of Zhou Dynasty

作　　者：曹汉刚 

机构地区：[1]河南博物院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《中原文物》2014年第3期51-57,78,共8页Cultural Relics of Central China

摘　　要：利簋铭文分别记载武王征商与成王赐右史利铜两件史事,由于学界长期以来受"生称王谥"说的影响,混淆了利簋铭文中的"珷"和"王"两者的关系,从而将利簋视作武王世作器。文献资料与青铜器铭文表明,周王从不自称王,更不会自称王号;而臣下对周王的称呼,对先王则称"谥号",对时王则但称"王",并不存在"生称王号"的情况。在西周金文中,称名的体例相当严谨,这是因为古代社会中,名分始终是最重要的价值取向,周王的名号更是如此。所谓"生称王谥"诸器的纪年方式,由于是追述先王事迹,铭文纪年必然要考虑先王相对于时王的时空关系,所以不能出现"唯王某年"的格式,目的正是在于避免与时王相混淆。利簋铭文中的"珷"和"王",系分别指武王和成王。利簋的"辛未"纪日,不会是武王甲子牧野之战后的第七日,而应属成王纪时。利的身份应是右史而非有司。利簋铭文记述成王亲自对利进行赏赐,所以利簋铸造的时间更有可能在成王亲政以后。The inscription on Li Gui recorded two historical events： King Wu of Zhou campaigned a- gainst Shang and King Cheng of Zhou presented his official You Shi （右史） named Li with metals. Long been affected by the theory that ＂Zhou kings were called by the same titles in life as they were after their deaths, unlike the later monarchs＂, the Chinese academics have mistaken the relationship between King Wu （珷） and King （王） （Cheng） in the inscription on Li Gui, and consequently regarded it as a vessel cast in the reign of King Wu of Zhou dynasty. Ancient texts and bronze inscriptions indicate that Kings of Zhou had never addressed themselves King, let alone their reign title; the ministers and other attendants addressed the late kings by their posthumous titles, the ruling king in life just as ＂King＂, who under no circumstances can be addressed by his posthumous title. The inscriptions on the bronze wares of Zhou dynasty indicate that there was a strict rule over the titles. Because the title and status was always most highly valued in ancient society, and the title of the monarch of Zhou court was even more important. The so-called ＂addressing the ruling king same title in life with that after his death＂ in the chronological descriptions on the bronze wares, due the chronological order of the late king and the ruling one in recounting the life of the late kings, the dating formula ＂ in X year of reign of （ruling） King＂ will be never seen so as to avoid mistaking the late king with the rul- ing king. The two characters ＂珷＂ and ＂王＂ in the inscription on Li Gui respectively refer to King Wu and King Cheng, and the stated day ＂Xinwei＂ （辛未） is unlikely the seventh day after the Battle of Muye which took place on ＂Jiazi＂ （甲子） day in reign of King Wu, but a date during reign of King Cheng. The status of Li should be youshi （右史） rather than yousi （有司）, The inscription on Li Gui states that King Cheng re- warded Li in person, hence th

关 键 词：利簋 生称王谥 成王 武王 

分 类 号：K876.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]