苏南丘陵茶园春季杂草种间生态关系及群落分类  

Ecological relationships and community clustering of spring weeds in tea gardens in southern hilly regions of Jiangsu province

作　　者：韩敏[1] 张海艳[1] 孙国俊[1,2] 朱叶芹[3] 季敏[1] 李粉华[1] 张林华[1] 季忠 

机构地区：[1]金坛市植保植检站,江苏金坛213200 [2]扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,江苏扬州225009 [3]江苏省植物保护站,江苏南京210036 [4]金坛市种子管理站,江苏金坛213200

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2014年第1期58-66,共9页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903004)子课题茶树有害生物种类与发生危害特点研究(200903004-43);江苏省农作物有害生物种类与发生危害特点研究

摘　　要：为明确苏南丘陵茶园春季杂草优势种及其种间生态关系,分别于2011年4月和2012年4月对苏南丘陵茶园春季杂草种类、数量、高度等进行调查,将其转换成相对多度和重要值数据,并在此基础上计测了苏南丘陵茶园主要杂草的生态位宽度和生态位重叠值,用DCA排序法作出反映杂草生态学相似程度的DCA排序图,并对不同样地杂草类群进行聚类分析。结果表明:苏南丘陵茶园春季杂草共发现58种,分属29科56属,其中,发生频率大于15%的杂草有23种。23种主要杂草中,小飞蓬[Conyza canadnsis(L.)Cronq.]、一年蓬[Erigeron annuus(Linn.)Pers.]、猪殃殃[Galium apparine L.var tenerum(Gren.et Godr.)Rcbb.]、泥湖菜(Hemistepta lyrata Bunge.)、繁缕[Stellaria media(L.)Cyr.]等5种杂草实际生态位较宽,为苏南丘陵茶园春季优势杂草;小飞蓬、一年蓬、猪殃殃、泥湖菜、繁缕、野老鹳草(Geranium carolinianum L.)、簇生卷耳(Cerastium caespitosum Gilib.)之间生态位重叠值较大,对资源的竞争较为激烈;通过样地杂草相似性聚类分析,可将样地聚成5个明显类群:石灰岩土质茶园;土壤肥沃、翻耕除草、除草剂使用较少、管理良好的茶园;树龄较老、未翻耕除草、除草剂使用较少、疏于管理的茶园;树龄较小、除草剂使用频繁的茶园;树龄较老、除草剂使用频繁的茶园。苏南丘陵茶园每个聚类群的春季杂草优势种明显,群落结构不同,这些可为茶园春季杂草综合防控提供理论依据。To identify the dominant weed species and ecological relationships of spring weeds in tea gardens in south-ern hilly regions of Jiangsu province, a survey of weed species, density and height was conducted and the data were trans-formed into the weed relative abundance and importance values in April of years 2011 and 2012. The niche breadth andniche overlap values of selected major weeds were calculated using the data above, and two-dimensional scatter plot of DCAordination was drawn based on importance values. Theresults showed that there were 58 weed species, belongingto 56 genera and 29 families in the studied tea gardens. A-mong them, the frequency of 23 weed species occurred o-ver 15%. Among these 23 species, Conyza canadnsis, E-rigeron annuus, Galium aparine, Hemistepta lyrata andStellaria media had wider niche breadth than those of other species indicating that these five weeds were the dominant in tea gardens of southern hilly regions of Jiangsu province. Theycompeted intensely competition for resources. The higher niche overlap values were found between Conyza canadnsis, Erig-eron annuus, Galium aparine, Hemistepta lyrata, Stellaria media, Geranium carolinianum and Cerastium caespitosum. Allsampling sites were quantitatively clustered into five groups based on the similarity of weed composition, limestone soil teagarden; less herbicide used and well-managed tea garden, non-plowing, less herbicide used and poorly-managed old teagarden, herbicide frequently used, new tea field, and herbicide frequently used old tea garden. The dominant weed variedamong different groups and formed relatively various weed communities in spring tea gardens in southern hilly regions ofJiangsu province. The results will provide theoretical basis for integrated management of weeds in tea gardens.

关 键 词：茶园 春季杂草 生态位宽度 生态位重叠值 DCA排序 样地聚类 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学] Q948.12[生物学—植物学]