罚款行政处罚存在的问题及法律完善建议——以《中华人民共和国种子法》修改为视角  

Analysis about Problems of the Administrative Penalty Fines and Relative Suggestions:From the Perspective of the PRC Seed Law Amendment

作　　者：李媛辉[1] 孙长雨 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学人文学院,北京100083 [2]山东省济宁市金乡县人民检察院,山东济宁272200

出　　处：《法学杂志》2014年第6期44-51,共8页Law Science Magazine

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(项目编号:TD2011-17)资助

摘　　要：法律中关于罚款数额的确定有定额罚款、倍比罚款、定额罚款与倍比罚款相结合三种方式。本文分析了设计不合理的行政处罚的罚款数额:有违法所得的行为比没有的罚款要轻、用违法所得做倍比罚款标准难以认定数额、罚款跨度太大、罚款标准太低、个别罚款额度偏高、罚款只有上限没有下限、定额罚款与社会危害程度不相当等问题。提出了如何使定额罚款与倍比罚款有顺衔接、用货值金额取代违法所得作为基准计算罚款数额、罚款幅度控制在十倍之内、根据社会的经济发展水平和行为人的承受能力设定处罚标准、只有罚款数额较小时才可不设下限、如何使罚款数额与违法行为轻重相适应的建议。The law defines three methods of legal liability of determination on amount of fine, fixed penalty, double fine penalty, and combination of fixed and double fine. Analyzed the un- reasonable design in law on administrative penalty fines, such as illegal income behavior pays less penalty than legal income behavior, hard to determine penalty amount on illegal income double fine penalty, long span, fine standard too low, some fine amount too high, penalties only has up- per limit no bottom line, fixed penalty is not associated with harmfulness to community, and etc.. Proposed on setting a smooth transition between a fixed penalty fine and multiple times fine, using value of amount instead of illegal income as base to calculate fine amount, controlling the fine rate within ten times, resetting fine standard according to the level of economic develop- ment and the behavior of human social capacity, setting no low limit only on small amount of fine penalty, fine amount and severity of illegal behavior fine amount modifications.

关 键 词：罚款 行政处罚 数额 标准 法律完善 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]