中国桉树焦枯病病原菌物种多样性及致病力初步分析  

Preliminary Analyses on Diversity and Pathogenicity of Calonectria spp. on Eucalyptus in China

作　　者：李国清[1] 陈帅飞[1] 吴志华[1] 周旭东 谢耀坚[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家林业局桉树研究开发中心,广东湛江524022 [2]富优基尼生物技术(上海)有限公司,上海徐汇200235

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2014年第6期1183-1191,共9页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：广东省林业科技创新专项"桉树重大病虫害控制技术研究与示范"(No.2010KJCX015-03);广东省自然科学基金"广东桉树焦枯病及无性系选择研究"(No.10145624536-400000);国家国际科技合作专项项目"重要林业病害致病力及多样性研究"(No.2012DFG31830)

摘　　要：为了明确中国桉树焦枯病病原菌的物种多样性、生物学特性和致病力强弱，本试验对在中国报道的桉树焦枯病病原菌进行了形态学比较，β-tubulin、HistoneH3、TEF-1α三段基因系统发育学分析，并测定各病原菌在7个温度下的菌落生长速度，以及对4个桉树无性系（DH32—29、广州1号、广林4号、OC14）离体叶片的致病力大小。结果表明．到目前为止我国桉树焦枯病病原菌分属6个不同的物种，分别是Ca．cerciana、Ca.crousiani、Ca.pauciramoso、Ca.pseudocolhounii、Ca.pseudoreteaudii和Ca.fujianensis。不同病原菌的形态存在一定差异．病原菌分属于不同的系统发育树分枝。被测试病原菌的最适生长温度为20～30℃，在5℃和35℃下均停止生长。被测试的5种桉树焦枯病病原菌在4个桉树无性系上的致病力差异显著，总体致病力强弱顺序为：Ca.cerciana〉Ca.pauciromosa〉Ca．pseudoreteaudii〉Ca．crousiana〉Ca.fujianensis。桉树无性系对不同种桉树焦枯病病原菌的抗性存在显著差异。研究结果显示桉树焦枯病病原菌物种存在多样性，各病原菌的致病性差异显著．有针对性地选择抗特定病原物种的桉树无性系是解决桉树焦枯病危害的一条有效途径。Calonectria leaf blight caused by Calonectria spp. is a serious disease on Eucalyptus trees in the world. The aims of the study were to clarify the species diversity and pathogenicity of Calonectria spp. on ＇Eucalyptus trees in China. Species diversity of Calonectria were clarified based on comparisons of DNA sequences data of ITS, Histone H3, and TEF-α gene regions, and combined with the fungal morphological characteristics and culture growth features. Research results indicated that six species of Calonectria were existed, these species included Ca. cerciana, Ca crousiana, Ca. pauciramosa, Ca. pseudocolhounii, Ca. pseudoreteaudii and Ca. fujiaaensis. Six species could be distinguished by morphological characteristics. The six species resided in different phylogenetic groups. The culture growth features are different for the tested five Calonectria spp. The optimal growth temperature for Calonectria spp. is 25-30 ℃, no growth at 5 ℃ or 35 ℃. Leaf inoculations showed that all four Eucalyptus clones （Guang 1, Guang 4, DH32-29, OC14） tested were susceptible to infect by five tested Calonectria spp. Significant differences of virulence were observed among five Calonectria spp., with rank of Ca. cerciana 〉 Ca pauciramosa 〉 Ca. pseudoreteaudii 〉 Ca crousiana 〉 Ca fujianensis. Significant differences of resistances were observed among four tested Eucalyptus clones. The paper revealed that species diversity of Calonectria on Eucalyptus trees in China, and provided prospects to select disease-tolerant planting stock for the disease management of Calonectria leaf blight on Eucalyptus trees in the future.

关 键 词：丽赤壳属 帚梗柱孢属 桉树人工林 接种 叶焦枯 

分 类 号：S432[农业科学—植物病理学]