2003-2012年北京市5岁以下儿童死亡率和死亡原因分析  

Analysis of mortality rate and causes of death among children under 5 years old in Beijing from 2003 to 2012

作　　者：闫淑娟[1] 朱雪娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院儿童神经心理保健科,100026

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2014年第6期484-490,共7页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的 调查2003-2012年北京市5岁以下儿童年龄别和主要死因别死亡率.方法 采用北京市5岁以下儿童死亡监测网实时监测收集的2003-2012年5岁以下儿童死亡监测资料,计算城区、近郊区和远郊区县新生儿、婴儿及5岁以下儿童死亡率和5岁以下儿童主要死因别死亡率.结果 2012年北京市新生儿、婴儿及5岁以下儿童死亡率分别为0.21％ （253/121 747）、0.31％（379/121 747）和0.36％（435/121 747）,比2003年分别降低了54.88％、50.24％和54.75％.城区、近郊区和远郊区县儿童死亡率均呈下降趋势（新生儿死亡率分别由2003年的0.53％、0.42％和0.48％降至2012年的0.20％、0.19％和0.23％,婴儿死亡率分别由2003年的0.73％、0.58％和0.63％降至2012年的0.30％、0.29％和0.35％,5岁以下儿童死亡率分别由2003年的0.90％、0.72％和0.82％降至2012年的0.33％、0.34％和0.39％,P值均＜0.01）.2003-2012年,北京市5岁以下儿童主要死因中,先天性心脏病、出生窒息、早产或低出生体重和交通意外死亡率有下降趋势,分别从2003年的140.63/10万、109.38/10万、85.94/10万和26.04/10万,降至2012年的41.89/10万、59.96/10万、52.57/10万和6.57/10万（P＜0.01）.城区、近郊区和远郊区县先天性心脏病死亡率均呈下降趋势,分别从2003年的216.56/10万、119.75/10万和134.58/10万,降至2012年的52.47/10万、23.50/10万和63.11/10万（P＜0.01）.远郊区县5岁以下儿童前8位死因中有6个死因（先天性心脏病、出生窒息、早产或低出生体重、交通意外、溺水和败血症）呈下降趋势,其死亡率分别从2003年的134.58/10万、127.85/10万、100.94/10万、33.65/10万、33.65/10万和26.92/10万,降至2012年的63.11/10万、65.54/10万、60.69/10万、12.14/10万、0.00/10万和4.85/10万（P＜0.05）,近4年无溺水死亡.2012年北京市5岁以下儿童前5位死因依次为出生窒息、早产或低出生体重、先天性心脏病、肺炎和意外窒Objective To understand the age-specific and cause-specific mortality rate among children under 5 years old in Beijing from 2003 to 2012. Methods Death surveillance data of children under the age of 5 were obtained from Beijing children mortality surveillance network from 2003 to 2012. Neonatal mortality rate （ NMR ）, infant mortality rate （ IMR ）, under 5-year old children mortality rate （ U5 MR ） and the leading cause of death for under 5-year old children in urban, suburbs, and outer suburbs in Beijing were analyzed. Results The NMR, IMR and U5MR in Beijing were 2.08（253/121 747）, 3.11 （379/121 747） and 3.57 （435/121 747） per 1000 live births in 2012, respectively, which declined 54. 88%, 50. 24% and 54. 75% compared with the level in 2003 respectively. The children mortality rates showed a decreasing trend in urban, suburb, and outer suburbs during 2003 and 2012 （ NMR was decreased from 0. 53%, 0. 42% , and 0. 48% in 2003 to 0. 20% , 0. 19% , and 0. 23% in 2012; IMR was decreased from0.73%, 0.58%, and 0.63% in 2003 to 0.30%, 0.29%, and 0.35% in 2012; U5MR was decreased from O. 90% , 0. 72% , and 0. 82% to 0. 33% , 0. 34% , and 0. 39% in 2012, P 〈0. 01 ）. There was a steady decline in the U5MR due to congenital heart disease, birth asphyxia, premature birth or low birth weight and traffic accident in Beijing from 2003 to 2012. The mortality rate of congenital heart disease declined from 140. 63 to 41.89 per 100 000 live bil^ths, birth asphyxia declined from 109.38 to 59.96 per 100 000 live births, premature birth or low birth weight declined from 85.94 to 52.57 per 100 000 live births, traffic accident declined from 26. 04 to 6. 57 per 100 000 live births（ P 〈 0. 01 ）. The mortality rate of congenital heart disease declined remarkably from 216. 56 to 52.47, from 119.75 to 23.50, and from 134. 58 to 63.11 per 100 000 live births in urban, suburb, and outer suburbs（P 〈0. 01 ）. Six of the top 8 leading causes of death among children under 5 years old declined remarkably i

关 键 词：婴儿死亡率 死亡原因 新生儿 儿童 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]