一种新的花柱多态现象——白花丹科植物细裂补血草  

A new Pattern of Style Polymorphism in Limonium leptolobum(plumbaginace)

作　　者：翟雅芯 郭艳萍[1] 张爱勤[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第2期134-138,143,共6页Journal of Xinjiang University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31260146)资助;新疆大学大学生创新训练计划项目(XJU-SRT-13061)资助

摘　　要：异型花柱是一种受遗传控制的花柱多态现象.白花丹科Plumbaginacea被列为有异型花柱分布较多的科,对白花丹科植物花柱多态现象的研究有助于探讨异型花柱的功能和适应意义.今以白花丹科细裂补血草Limonium leptolobum为研究材料,通过对野外居群的花型、花部特征、传粉媒介、繁育系统等进行观察,发现细裂补血草野外居群主要由柱头高出雄蕊的长花柱型植株和雌雄蕊在同一位置的等高型植株及少量介于两种花型之间的不典型植株构成,其中长花柱型植株与等高型植株的数量比为1.1(1.2):1;两种花型的单花在雌雄蕊长度、柱头花粉数和自然状态的结实率显著不同,其中L型单花有着高的柱头花粉数和结实率,其它花大小参数及单花花粉数量无差异;从两种花型排列方式的不协调性和等高型花较低的结实率看,细裂补血草的这种花柱多态现象可能是异型花柱演化过程中的一个不稳定阶段,其中L型植株可能是在某种选择压力下实现的一种雌雄异位方式,而等高型植株应该是该居群的原始株型.Heterostyle is a genetically controlled floral polymorphism. As a family with more heterostyle distribution, plumbaginace provides an ideal system in which to further explore the function and adapation of heterostyle by the study on various pattern of style polymorphism from different groups. We investigated the morph ration, floral morphology and part traits, pollinators, breeding system of L.leptolobum.the result showed that the natural populations of L. leptolobum were isoplethic, containing long-styled, isostyla morphs and a small amount of atypical plants its styles height were between long-styled and isostyla morphs, and the ratio of number between long-styled and isostyla morphs was about 1.1（1.2）：1. It were significantly different between two morphs in terms of female, and stamen length, no.of pollen grains on stigma and fruit sets, with the exception of parts of floral size parameters such as corolla length, floral longitudinal length, calyx length, corolla diameter and no.of pollen grains per flower, in which L morph flowers had higher no.of pollen grains on stigma and fruit sets than isostyla morph flowers. The lack of precision in pollen transfer between morphs and lower fruit sets of isostyla morphs suggested that the pattern of style polymorphism in L.leptolobum. may be an unstable intermediate stage of heterostyle in evolution process , in which long-styled morph floral would be selected for under some selective factors such as conflict between male and female sexual function due to close proximity of sexual organs or accurate pollen transfer between plants, and isostyla morphs may be the ancestral type.

关 键 词：异型花柱 花柱多态现象 株型比 

分 类 号：Q941.2[生物学—植物学]