大兴安岭南部主要林分地表可燃物负荷量及其影响因子研究  

Surface fuel loading and relevant influencing factors of main forest types in southern Daxing'anling

作　　者：周涧青 刘晓东[1] 郭怀文 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]武警黑龙江森林总队大兴安岭地区支队,黑龙江大兴安岭165000

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第6期131-137,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD32B05)

摘　　要：【目的】研究林分地表可燃物负荷量及其影响因素,为森林可燃物管理和潜在火行为分析提供科学依据。【方法】根据立地因子(海拔、坡度、坡位)、林分特征(林龄、郁闭度、密度、平均树高、平均胸径)和地被物层结构(凋落物厚度、腐殖质厚度),在大兴安岭南部地区选择具有代表性的兴安落叶松林(Larix gmelinii)和白桦林(Betula platyphylla),各设置6块样地,调查样地内的总可燃物负荷量及易燃可燃物负荷量,对不同种类可燃物负荷量及其影响因子进行相关性分析。【结果】兴安落叶松林分下的平均总可燃物负荷量为15.80t/hm2,其中58.46%为易燃可燃物,总可燃物负荷量与林分平均胸径、凋落物厚度呈显著正相关,灌木和草本可燃物负荷量主要与林分密度呈极显著负相关,1h时滞、10h时滞和100h时滞可燃物负荷量与林分郁闭度、平均胸径、平均树高呈显著正相关。白桦林下平均总可燃物负荷量为8.48t/hm2,其中57.91%为易燃可燃物,总可燃物负荷量与林分平均胸径、腐殖质厚度呈显著正相关,灌木、草本可燃物负荷量与林分密度呈显著负相关,1h时滞、10h时滞和100h时滞可燃物负荷量主要与林分平均胸径呈显著正相关。【结论】大兴安岭南部地区的地表可燃物负荷量水平较低;郁闭度、平均树高和平均胸径是影响林分地表可燃物负荷量的主要因子。【Objective】This article studiedthe distribution characteristics of surface fuel loading and relevant influencing factorsof main forest types in southern Daxing’anling to improve forest fuel management and analyzepotential fire behaviors.【Method】Based onsite factors（altitude,slope percent,and slope position）,standfactors（standage,canopy cover,density,meantotal height,and mean DBH）,and forest floor attributes （litter thickness and humus thickness）,Larix gmelinii forests and Betula platyphylla forests in southern Daxing’anling were selected,and 6 sample plots were set up for each.The total fuel loading and flammable fuel loading were studied thorough field investigation and lab analysis,and the relationship between different fuelloadings and influencing factors was analyzed.【Result】In L.gmelinii forests,average fuel loading was 15.80 t/hm2 and the flammable fuel loading accounted for 58.46%.Thetotal fuel loading had significantly positive correlation with the forest DBH and the litter thickness;the shruband grassfuel loadinghad significantlynegative correlation with the stand density;and the 1 h fuel loading,10 h fuel loading and 100 h fuel loading had significantly positive correlation with the forest crown cover,the forest DBH and the mean height.In B.platyphylla forests,average fuel loading was 8.48 t/hm2 and the flammable fuel loading accounted for 57.91%.The total fuel loading had significantly positive correlation with the forest DBH and the humus thickness;the shrub and grass fuel loading had significantly negative correlation with the stand density;and 1 h fuel loading,10 h fuel loading and 100 h fuel loading had significantly positive correlation with the forest DBH.【Conclusion】Surface forest fuel loading in the studied forests was low.Main factors influencing fuel loading includedthe canopy cover,the mean total height and the DBH.

关 键 词：地表可燃物 可燃物负荷量 大兴安岭 

分 类 号：S792.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]