节流槽阀口静态流动特性研究  

Stationary Flow Characteristics of Notches on Throttling Grooves

作　　者：叶仪[1] 殷晨波[1] 刘辉[1] 邹根[1] 姜雪峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学车辆与工程机械研究所,南京211816

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2014年第6期308-316,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50875122);江苏省科技支撑资助项目(BE2011187);江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划资助项目(CXZZ13_0432)

摘　　要：研究了3种具有代表性结构特征节流阀口的静态流动特性。采用流场仿真分析了阀口处的压降分布特性,并描述了节流面位置随开度的变化过程。推导了阀口过流面积公式,分析了3种节流阀口的节流特征。从流量-压差特性出发,结合试验研究和理论分析,推导出了流量系数与雷诺数的数学关系式,得到了流量系数稳定值Cdst,并探讨了流量系数随开度的变化规律。在理论计算值和试验结果相互吻合的基础上,进一步研究了阀口稳态液动力和节流刚度特性,并利用试验测量结果验证了其正确性。研究表明:球形槽的通流能力强,初始段流量系数大,适用于需要快速建立系统压力的情况;三角形槽节流刚性足,流量增益平稳,适用于需要精确控制的场合;渐扩U形槽既能保证启闭时的灵敏性,也能满足运行的平稳性。Aimed at three different notches with typical structural features, the stationary flow characteristics were investigated thoroughly and critically. The computational fluid dynamics approach was used to investigate the pressure distributions in notches, and the changing rules of the restriction locations were obtained. After deducing the calculation formulas of flow area, the metering characteristics of notches were studied. Based on the relation of flow rate vs pressure drop characteristic, the discharge coefficient as a function of Reynolds＇ number was obtained by using experimental study and theoretical analysis methods. The stable value of the discharge coefficient was also given, and its variation pattern with variable openings was discussed. Based on high consistency between theoretical values and experimental results, the steady flow force and throttling stiffness were investigated, and the results agreed with observed ones were obtained. It was shown that spheroid-notch was applicable under the case of rapid pressure establishing as its discharge coefficient was high when the opening was small, and its flow ability was excellent. Triangle-notch was suitable for the circumstances of high precise control due to high throttling stiffness and smooth increase of flow rate. Divergent U-notch was applied to the conditions of rapid response and stability. The research can be extended to structure optimization and characteristics study of notches, and also provide some useful references for the design of high-performance hydraulic control valves.

关 键 词：节流阀口 静态流动特性 压降分布 流量系数 液动力 节流刚度 

分 类 号：TH137.5[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]