上海地区生活垃圾焚烧灰渣元素组成及微观特征研究  

Characteristics of fly ash and bottom ash from the municipal solid waste incineration plant in Shanghai

作　　者：曹玲玲[1,2,3] 刘可[1,2,3] 曾建荣[1] 龙时磊[1,2,3] 包良满[1,3] 马陈燕 李燕[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海应用物理研究所嘉定园区,上海201800 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院核辐射与核能技术重点实验室,上海201800 [4]中国科学院高能物理研究所,北京100049

出　　处：《核技术》2014年第6期6-14,共9页Nuclear Techniques

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(No.KJCX3.SYW.N3);国家自然科学基金项目(No.11079049;No.11005141;No.11305242)资助

摘　　要：利用同步辐射X射线荧光法(Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence,SR-XRF)、离子色谱(Ion Chromatography,IC)、扫描电镜及其能谱分析(Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive microanalysis,SEM-EDX)、同步辐射微束X射线荧光法(Synchrotron radiation micro-beam X-ray fluorescence,μ-XRF)等手段研究上海某垃圾焚烧厂生活垃圾焚烧产物飞灰(Fly ash,FA)、炉渣(Bottom ash,BA)的元素浓度、离子组成、微观形貌、元素面分布,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry,ICP-MS)和X射线吸收精细结构谱(X-ray absorption near-edge structure,XANES)研究灰渣中Pb的同位素比值和化学种态。研究发现,飞灰中多数金属元素浓度高于炉渣中的,Pb、Cd明显富集于飞灰中,元素的富集因子显示Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn等呈极度污染状态。灰渣中水溶性成分主要为Ca、Na、K的氯化盐和硫酸盐,飞灰中离子浓度普遍高于炉渣中的。飞灰颗粒相对于炉渣颗粒粒径小、表面粗糙,更易于重金属的吸附。灰渣颗粒物的元素Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr、Fe、Mn等并不是均匀分布的,而是呈现局部明显富集。飞灰和炉渣Pb的来源相似,化学种态相似,主要为PbCl2、PbS和PbO。生活垃圾在焚烧过程中元素的迁移分布与元素本身的特性、焚烧环境相关,上海地区生活垃圾焚烧飞灰是危险废弃物,需稳定化处理后才能填埋,炉渣的资源化利用必需经过预处理。Background： Incineration is an attractive method of energy production and waste reduction for the treatment of municipal solid waste （MSW）. However, the secondary pollutants followed such as fly ash （FA）, bottom ash （BA） from the waste incineration are always a concern. Yet few articles provide detailed information about the physical and chemical characteristics of trace elements in ash at the molecular level. Purpose： The elemental concentrations and microstructure characteristics of ash were investigated to understand the distribution and migration of the elements in MSW incineration process. Methods： The study of the characteristics of FA and BA from Shanghai MSW incineration plant was based on the concentrations of elements, water-soluble salts, microstructure, section-distribution of the elements in single particle, isotope ratio and chemical species of Pb, which were studied respectively by using synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence （SR-XRF）, Ion Chromatography （IC）, Scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray energy dispersive microanalysis （EDX）, Synchrotron radiation micro-beam X-ray fluorescence （μ-XRF）, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry （ICP-MS） and X-ray absorption near-edge structure （XANES） spectra. Results： Mass concentrations of most metal elements in FA were higher than those in BA, especially Pb and Cd, which had been obviously enriched. FA particles were of relatively smaller size and rougher surface than those of BA, which brought easier adsorption of heavy metals in FA. The large enrichment factors of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn indicated these elements were in extreme pollution state. Water-soluble salts in FA and BA mainly existed as chloride and sulfate of Ca, Na and K. The ion concentrations in FA were generally higher than those in BA. Results of μ-XRF suggested that Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Fe and Mn had nonuniform distributions and highly localized to some small regions in FA and BA. Isotope ratio of Pb in FA and BA was similar. Chemical spec

关 键 词：垃圾焚烧(Municipal SOLID WASTE MSW) 同步辐射 元素组成 微观特性 

分 类 号：TL99[核科学技术—核技术及应用]