北京市2005-2012年狂犬病流行特征分析  

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of human rabies from 2005 to 2012 in Beijing

作　　者：李晓梅[1] 张雪春[1] 卢莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心,北京100013

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2014年第12期2119-2121,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析2005-2012年北京市狂犬病流行病学特征,为控制措施提供建议和依据。方法收集北京市2005-2012年期间狂犬病疫情资料,进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2005-2012年北京市共报告狂犬病41例,病死率100%,发病呈逐年波动上升趋势。病例以成年男性为主,发病没有明显的季节高峰,地区间呈现从南向北蔓延、东部发病数高于西部的特点。96.55%的病例致伤后没有接受规范的暴露后处置。病例实验室诊断率低,仅有4例采集标本进行实验室检测。无主犬和家养犬都是重要的传染源。结论犬只的免疫和管理是控制狂犬病防控的关键,必须采取综合性防控措施,多部门配合,才能控制人狂犬病的发生。Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human rabies during 2005- 2012 in Beijing, and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of the disease. Methods Epidemiological data between 2005 and 2012 were collected from the National Infectious Disease Notification System. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the collected data. Geographical distribution of the disease was mapped by the MapInfo Professional 8.5 software. Results Forty-one cases of human rabies were notified in Beijing from 2005 to 2012, and the reported mortality rate was 100%. An increasing trend of incidence was observed. Male cases were predominant and 96.55% of cases failed to receive standard post-exposure prophylaxis. The proportion of cases with laboratory-confirmed diagnosis was low as specimens were collected for only four cases towards laboratory examination. There was no obvious seasonal peak observed in Beijing. However, geographical characteris- tics were observed as the epidemics spread from the southern area to the northern area, and the number of cases in the eastern area was higher than that in the western area. Both unclaimed and claimed dogs were the important sources of infection. Conclusion Immunization and management of dogs are considered the key measure to control the human rabies. A comprehensive measure of control and prevention involing multi-sections should be adopted to prevent the disease.

关 键 词：狂犬病 流行病学特征 防控提示 

分 类 号：R183.9[医药卫生—流行病学]