隆林县犬伤患者接种疫苗免疫效果研究  

Study of Vaccine Immunity in Patients Wounded by Dog in Longlin County

作　　者：罗官生 吴声荣 

机构地区：[1]隆林各族自治县疾病预防控制中心,广西隆林533400

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2014年第12期2281-2283,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析狂犬病疫苗接种后的免疫效果,为科学防治狂犬病提供指导。方法采用间接ELISA法对隆林县2010-2012年期间1 646例狂犬病疫苗接种后血清抗体进行检测。结果隆林县2010-2012年1 646例狂犬病疫苗接种后抗体阳性率为94.53%。10岁以下暴露者人数最多,最小6个月,最大84岁,抗体阳性率随年龄增长呈明显下降趋势,其差异有统计学意义(χ2=44.00,P<0.05)。不同免疫程序抗体阳性率:全程免疫92.41%、全程免疫联合人抗狂犬病毒免疫球蛋白(HRIG)99.36%、加强免疫96.86%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=21.03,P<0.05)。未考虑饮食禁忌的阴性患者比例最大32.22%(29/90),男性最为明显;提前或推迟接种时间甚至漏针的阴性患者23.33%(21/90);女性受体质或用药影响的比例最多占31.25%(10/32)。季节、性别因素对免疫效果的影响差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论及时、全程、足量接种狂犬病疫苗可有效保护健康。重伤患者注射HRIG后,再全程免疫效果显著。饮食、伤口的处理、体质或使用免疫抑制剂影响免疫效果。Objective This study was to evaluate the immunity effect of hydrophobic rabies vaccine, so as to provide some references for the scientific control and prevention against rabies. Methods Indirect ELISA was applied to detect the serum antibody in 1646 samples drawn from people who were vaccinated by Rabies vaccine during 2010-2012 in Longlin County. Results 94.53% of 1646 samples was positive. Most samples were from subjects under 10-year-old. Among the subjects, the youngest was 6-month old and the eldest was 84 years old. Overall, the positive rate of antibody became lower with the increase in age with statistically significant difference （Z2--44.00, P〈0.05）. The antibody positive rates differ with the approaches of immunization： 92.41% （required immunization）, 99.36% （required immunization after HRIG）, 96.86% （booster immunization）, and the difference is statistically significant （Х^2=44.0, P〈0.05）. The group without following diet restrictions accounted for the majority of negative results 32.22% （29/90）, where more significant effect was shown to the male subjects. The second highest incidence of negative result 23.33% （21/90） occurred to the group who received early or delayed vaccination or missed doses of vaccination. Among the female subjects with negative results, 31.25% （10/32） of them were affected by their health situation or medication. No significant influence from seasonal factors and gen- der was observed （P〉0.05）. Conclusions Timely vaccination with full doses of vaccines will effectively protect our health. For patients with heavy injuries, full vaccine after HRIG can achieve good immunity. Diet, wound treatments, poor physique or the use of vaccine inhibitor have negative effects on immunity.

关 键 词：狂犬疫苗 免疫效果 狂犬病 

分 类 号：R183.9[医药卫生—流行病学] R186[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]