《恒先》研讀  

The Interpretation of“Hengxian”

作　　者：曹峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]清華大學哲學系

出　　处：《国学学刊》2014年第2期107-118,共12页Research in the Traditions of Chinese Culture

摘　　要：《恒先》是《上海博物館藏戰國楚竹書(三)》中的一篇,共計十三簡,簡長約39.4厘米,毎簡字數從三十七到四十九不等,共五百一十字,第3簡簡背有"恒先"標題。《恒先》保存基本完整,没有缺簡,没有殘斷,字迹也十分清晰,不需要做太多増補、推測,保障了文本的可信性。《恒先》具有明顯的道家思想傾向,但其傾向,和《老子》、《莊子》,《鶡冠子》、《淮南子》、《文子》、《列子》、馬王堆帛書《道原》、郭店楚簡《太一生水》既相關又不同,其中渉及到宇宙論、道論、氣論、"自生"論、"自爲"論、名辯思想、政治哲學等重要問題,爲早期道家思想研究提供了極爲珍貴的材料。《恒先》可以分作上下兩篇,上下篇彼此有對應關係,上篇的宇宙生成論爲下篇强調自生自爲的政治哲學提供了理論依據。《恒先》帯有强烈的政治目的性,是一部運用黄老道家理論指導政治實踐的、具實用主義色彩的文獻。'Hengxian'(恒先),as one of the Chu bamboo-slip texts of the Warring States collected in Shanghai Museum,contains thirteen slips which are about 39.4centimeters in length. Each slip ranges from 37 to 49 characters and there are 510 characters in all and the title'Hengxian' is inscribed on the back of the third slip.'Hengxian' has been well preserved without broken slips and with rather legible writing. The credibility of the text can be guaranteed with no need to make much addition and presumption. Having distinctive Taoist features, 'Hengxian' is thematically related to Laozi, Zhuangzi, Heguanzi, Liezi and Daoyuan(silk manuscript unearthed in Mawangdui) and Taiyishengshui(bamboo slip from Guodian) yet not totally identical. It involves many important issues related with the theory of Universe, Tao, Qi, self-generation, self-capability, dialectics and political philosophy; so it provides valuable material for the study of the early Taoism thinking. 'Hengxian' might be divided into two parts which correspond with each other. The theory of Universe generation in the first section lays theoretical premise for selfgenerating political philosophy in the latter section. With strong political purposefulness,'Hengxian' is a pragmat-ic text which employs Taoist theory to direct political activity.

关 键 词：《恒先》 《上海博物馆藏战国楚竹书》 黄老道家 

分 类 号：K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] B223[历史地理—历史学]